Hurricanes and storms. Presentation on the topic “Hurricanes, storms, tornadoes” The cause of hurricanes and storms is the formation of cyclones in the atmosphere

Introduction Hurricanes and storms are wind meteorological phenomena. The reason for their occurrence is cyclonic activity in the atmosphere. The indicator that determines the destructive effect of hurricanes and tornadoes is the high-speed pressure of air masses, which determines the force of dynamic impact and throwing action.

Hurricane A hurricane is a wind of destructive force and duration when its speed reaches 30 meters per second. The cause of hurricanes is a large difference in atmospheric pressure at close range, which is most often associated with cyclones. Cyclones are areas of low atmospheric pressure that arise in a warm air mass when it collides with a cold one, that is, when an atmospheric front appears

Characteristics of a hurricane Wind speed in spiral turbulences of air reaches 240–320 km/h. In the calm center, the “eye” of the cyclone, there is warm air that sinks to the surface of the earth (or water). The size of such an eye in diameter can be from 6.5 to 48 km. The presence of warm air in the center helps to lower atmospheric pressure at the surface.

Consequences of a hurricane Hurricane wind destroys strong and demolishes light buildings, devastates sown fields, breaks wires and knocks down power and communication poles, damages highways and bridges, breaks and uproots trees, damages and sinks ships, causes accidents on utility and energy networks , in production. There are known cases when hurricane winds destroyed dams and dams, which led to large floods, threw trains off the rails, tore bridges from their supports, knocked down factory chimneys, and threw ships onto land. Hurricanes are often accompanied by heavy downpours, which are more dangerous than the hurricane itself, as they cause mudflows and landslides.

Hurricane Mitch Hurricane Mitch was one of the most powerful hurricanes to occur in the Atlantic Basin, with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h). Mitch was the thirteenth tropical storm, ninth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. It formed in the western Caribbean on October 22, 1998. About people became victims of the hurricane and almost as many were missing. 2.7 million people were left homeless. Most of them are from Honduras and Nicaragua. This is the third most powerful hurricane in the last 250 years in the Atlantic basin. In terms of the death toll of Atlantic hurricanes, Mitch is second only to the Great Hurricane of 1780.

Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina is the most destructive hurricane in US history. Happened at the end of August 2005. The heaviest damage was caused to New Orleans in Louisiana, where about 80% of the city's area was under water. The disaster killed 1,836 residents and caused economic losses of $125 billion (estimated, 2007).

Tornado A tornado is an atmospheric vortex that arises in a cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) cloud and spreads down, often to the very surface of the earth, in the form of a cloud arm or trunk with a diameter of tens and hundreds of meters. The development of a tornado from a cloud distinguishes it from some externally similar and also different in nature phenomena, for example, tornado-vortices and dust (sand) whirlwinds.

Characteristics of a tornado The transverse diameter of the tornado funnel in the lower section is m, although if the tornado touches the surface of the water, this value can be only 2030 m, and when the funnel passes over land it can reach 1.53 km. Inside the funnel, the air rises, rotating rapidly, creating an area of ​​​​very rarefied air. Depending on the intensity of the vortex, the flow speed in it can vary. It is believed that it exceeds 18 m/s and can, according to some indirect estimates, reach 1300 km/h. The tornado itself moves along with the cloud that generates it. This movement can produce speeds of tens of km/h, usually 2060 km/h.

Tornado classification Scourge-like: This is the most common type of tornado. The funnel looks smooth, thin, and can be quite tortuous. The length of the funnel significantly exceeds its radius. Weak tornadoes and funnels that descend into the water are usually whiplash-like tornadoes. Vague: Looks like shaggy, rotating clouds that reach to the ground. Sometimes the diameter of such a tornado even exceeds its height. All large diameter craters (more than 0.5 km) are vague. Usually these are very powerful vortices, often composite. Composite: May consist of two or more separate thrombi around a main central tornado. Such tornadoes can be of almost any power, however, most often they are very powerful tornadoes. They cause significant damage over large areas. Fire tornadoes: These are ordinary tornadoes generated by a cloud formed as a result of a strong fire or volcanic eruption. It was precisely such tornadoes that were first artificially created by man (the experiments of J. Dessens (Dessens, 1962) in the Sahara, which continued throughout the years).

Consequences of a tornado The destructive effects of tornadoes are associated primarily with the wind, but the subsequent phase of rainfall and flooding is much more dangerous. These phenomena acquire a formidable character and turn into rampant disasters with catastrophic consequences on the scale of entire states or even several countries in any geographical area. The main causes of death and injury to people are the destruction of buildings and falling trees. There is also a disruption in the living conditions of the population: utilities, transport, roads are damaged, agriculture suffers, telephone communications are interrupted and power supply is disrupted.

Introduction The territory of any region is subject to the complex effects of dozens of dangerous natural phenomena. The most typical natural phenomena in terms of frequency depending on the time of year and leading to emergencies are hurricanes, storms and tornadoes. Let's consider these phenomena. The photo shows a view of the storm from space.

Storm Storm is a type of hurricane and storm. Hurricanes and storms differ in wind speed, which reaches 120 km/h or more during a hurricane, and km/h during a storm. The losses from a hurricane are greater than from a storm.

How to act before a hurricane, storm, tornado. After receiving a storm warning signal, proceed to: strengthen the roof, stove and ventilation pipes; sealing windows in attics (shutters, panels made of boards or plywood); clearing balconies and courtyard areas from fire hazards; to collect supplies of food and water for 2-3 days in case of evacuation to a safe area, as well as autonomous lighting sources (lanterns, kerosene lamps, candles); move from light buildings to more durable buildings or civil defense structures.

How to act during a hurricane, storm, tornado. In a building, move away from windows and take a safe place near the interior walls. Extinguish the fire in the stoves, turn off the electricity, close the taps on the gas networks. In the dark, use lanterns, lamps, and candles. Turn on the radio to receive information from the Civil Defense and Emergency Management and the Emergency Situations Commission. If possible, be in a buried shelter, in shelters, in cellars, etc. On the streets of a populated area, stay as far as possible from light buildings, buildings, bridges, overpasses, power lines. To protect against flying debris and glass shards, use sheets of plywood, cardboard and plastic boxes, boards and other available means.

How to act during a hurricane, storm, tornado. When you receive a signal that a tornado is approaching, you must immediately go down to shelter, the basement of a house or a cellar. If a tornado catches you in an open area, take shelter at the bottom of a road ditch, in holes, ditches, narrow ravines, pressing tightly to the ground. Do not stay in the vehicle, get out and take shelter as described above.

After a hurricane, storm, or tornado: Be careful when walking around downed wires. Beware of fallen trees, swaying shutters, signs, banners, gas leaks in the house, electrical problems (use electric lights before checking). Electrical appliances can only be used after they have been dried and checked. If the storm is accompanied by thunder, avoid electrical shock.

Summer 2002 Crimean coast. Windows and doors were broken in apartments, and the roofs of hundreds of houses were torn off. The wind knocked down trees, bent traffic lights and street lighting poles, as if it were dealing with toys from newsstands and food stalls. The electricity and heat supply failed. People found themselves without light, water and heat. Television and radio broadcasting fell silent. It was impossible to convey the necessary information to the population. Mudflows that came down from the mountains washed campsites into the sea along with cars, tents and people.

Summary The most common natural disasters in Europe are storms, hurricanes and, as a consequence, floods. In terms of economic losses and the volume of subsequent insurance payments, hurricanes and floods are the most financially significant. Hurricanes Lota and Martin in December 1999 caused damage estimated at €5 billion, damaging crops, forests and community infrastructure.

Homework Prepare a summary of the lesson learned using the following diagram Natural phenomena Actions in the event of a threat Actions in the event of an emergency Actions (hazards) after an emergency

Introduction

• The territory of any region is subject to the complex effects of dozens of dangerous natural phenomena. The most typical natural phenomena in terms of frequency depending on the time of year and leading to emergencies are hurricanes, storms and tornadoes. Let's consider these phenomena.
• The photo shows a view of the storm from space.

• A hurricane is a large atmospheric vortex with wind speeds of up to 120 km/h, and in the low-lying layer up to 200 km/h.

• A storm is a type of hurricane and storm. Hurricanes and storms differ in wind speed, which during a hurricane reaches 120 km/h or more, and during a storm 60-100 km/h. The losses from a hurricane are greater than from a storm.

• A tornado is an atmospheric vortex that arises in a thundercloud and spreads down to the ground in the form of a dark cloud arm or trunk with a diameter of tens and hundreds of meters. It does not exist for long, moving along with the cloud.

• Destruction of road and bridge surfaces
• Destruction of structures and buildings
• Objects flying at high speed
• The photo shows the aftermath of the hurricane

• After receiving a storm warning, proceed to:
• strengthening the roof, stove and ventilation pipes;
• sealing windows in attics (shutters, panels made of boards or plywood);
• clearing balconies and courtyard areas from fire hazards;
• to collect supplies of food and water for 2-3 days in case of evacuation to a safe area, as well as autonomous lighting sources (lanterns, kerosene lamps, candles);
• move from light buildings to more durable buildings or civil defense structures.

• In a building, move away from windows and take a safe place near the interior walls.
• Extinguish the fire in the stoves, turn off the electricity, close the taps on the gas networks.
• In the dark, use lanterns, lamps, and candles.
• Turn on the radio to receive information from the Civil Defense and Emergency Management Department and the Emergency Situations Commission
• If possible, stay in a deep shelter, in shelters, in cellars, etc.
• On the streets of a populated area, stay as far as possible from light structures, buildings, bridges, overpasses, and power lines.
• To protect against flying debris and glass shards, use sheets of plywood, cardboard and plastic boxes, boards and other available means.

• When you receive a signal that a tornado is approaching, you must immediately go down to a shelter, basement or cellar
• If a tornado catches you in an open area, take cover at the bottom of a road ditch, in holes, ditches, narrow ravines, pressing tightly to the ground.
• Do not stay in the vehicle, get out and take shelter as described above.

• Be careful when walking around downed wires.
• Beware of fallen trees, swinging shutters, signs, banners,
• Gas leaks in the house, disturbances in the electrical network (use electric lights before checking).
• Electrical appliances can only be used after they have been dried and checked.
• If the storm is accompanied by thunder, avoid electrical shock.

• The consequences of hurricanes, storms and tornadoes are floods, destruction of buildings, and disruption of the living conditions of the population.

• Powerful hurricanes with rain, storms and tornadoes often lead to casualties. A large number of public, economic and industrial facilities and residential buildings are damaged. The damage could reach billions of rubles.

• Windows and doors were broken in apartments, and the roofs of hundreds of houses were torn off. The wind knocked down trees, bent traffic lights and street lighting poles, as if it were dealing with toys from newsstands and food stalls. The electricity and heat supply failed. People found themselves without light, water and heat. Television and radio broadcasting fell silent. It was impossible to convey the necessary information to the population. Mudflows that came down from the mountains washed campsites into the sea along with cars, tents and people.

• The most common natural disasters in Europe are storms, hurricanes and, as a consequence, floods. In terms of economic losses and the volume of subsequent insurance payments, hurricanes and floods are the most financially significant. Hurricanes Lota and Martin in December 1999 caused damage estimated at €5 billion, damaging crops, forests and community infrastructure.

• Prepare a summary of the lesson learned using the following diagram

The cause of hurricanes and storms is the formation of cyclones in the atmosphere.

A cyclone is an area of ​​low pressure in the atmosphere.

Areas of origin of tropical cyclones

Types of hurricanes:

Types of storm:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Hurricanes and storms, the causes of their occurrence, possible consequences Shikov Kh.T., MBOU "Secondary School of the village. Treasured" Do not be afraid, but beware

Lesson plan: Hurricanes and storms, the reasons for their occurrence. Consequences of hurricanes and storms.

know dangerous wind meteorological phenomena; be able to anticipate them and correctly classify them; continue to develop research skills while working independently with the textbook; use the acquired knowledge and skills to ensure personal safety in life. Goals:

Atmosphere and weather The atmosphere is the lightest and most mobile shell of the Earth. Temperature, pressure, and humidity constantly change in the atmosphere. The interaction of air masses leads to the formation of various meteorological phenomena that determine the weather. Weather is the state of the atmosphere in a given place and at a given time. The movement of air from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure is called wind.

The most dangerous natural phenomena of meteorological origin are associated with high speed of movement of air masses. These are hurricanes and storms that lead to emergencies. Origin of the Cold Front in Section

The cause of hurricanes and storms is the formation of cyclones in the atmosphere. The speed of a hurricane's movement is determined by the speed of the cyclone's movement. (Note: cyclones originating in the Atlantic Ocean are called hurricanes, while cyclones originating in the western Pacific Ocean are called typhoons.) Cause

A cyclone is an area of ​​low pressure in the atmosphere. In the northern hemisphere, the air inside a cyclone moves counterclockwise.

Among the strong winds, there are: Hurricane - a wind of enormous destructive power, with a speed of more than 30 m/s. Long-term meteorological observations show that wind speeds during hurricanes reached 30-50 m/s in most areas of the European part of Russia, and 6090 m/s or more in the Far East. A storm is a wind whose speed is less than the speed of a hurricane. it reaches 15-20 m/s. (Note that a short-term increase in wind up to a speed of 20-30 m/s is called a squall.) Phenomena

Primary is a high-speed wind that tears off roofs from houses, breaks power lines, destroys light buildings, carries cars, light houses, animals and people over long distances. Secondary – landslides, mudflows, floods, fires. Damaging factors of hurricanes:

Consequences of hurricanes and storms: Hurricanes and storms cause significant destruction, cause great material damage, and lead to casualties. Hurricane winds demolish light buildings, break power lines, break and uproot trees. People caught in a hurricane may die or suffer varying degrees of injury.

Hurricane winds in a cyclone can occur at any time of the year, but the vast majority of cyclones passing through Russia occur in August - September. Hurricane season

A tornado is an atmospheric vortex that arises in a thundercloud and spreads down, often to the very surface of the Earth, in the form of a dark cloud arm or trunk with a diameter of tens and hundreds of meters. In other words, a tornado is a strong vortex in the form of a funnel descending from the lower boundary of the clouds. Tornado

In a horizontal section, a tornado is a core surrounded by a vortex, in which there are ascending air currents moving around the core and capable of lifting (sucking in) any objects, up to railway cars weighing up to 13 tons. The lifting force in a tornado depends on the speed of the wind rotating around kernels. The tornado also has strong downdrafts. Structure

The destruction caused by a tornado is caused by a high-speed pressure of air rotating inside the funnel with a large pressure difference between the periphery and the inside of the funnel due to the enormous centrifugal force. Consequences of a tornado

Zones of possible tornado formation in Russia

Beaufort wind scale Francis Beaufort (1774-1857), an English military hydrographer and cartographer, rear admiral, in 1806 proposed estimating the strength of the wind by its effect on ground objects and by sea waves; for this purpose he developed a conditional 12-point scale.

A hurricane is a wind whose speed is more than... The main damaging factor of a hurricane is:... Hurricanes are accompanied by:.... Consequences of hurricanes: .... A storm is a wind whose speed ranges from ... to ... Continue the sentences:

a) arises as a result of military operations b) arises as a result of human economic activity c) arises as a result of cyclonic activity d) arises as a result of increased solar activity Test 1. What are the causes of a hurricane?

a) leads to a tsunami b) leads to the death of people and animals c) destroys buildings, communication lines and power lines d) damages transport communications and bridges Test 2. What are the consequences of a hurricane on land?

a) floods, tsunamis b) peat fires c) hurricanes, storms, tornadoes d) all answers are correct Test 3. What emergencies relate to situations of a meteorological nature?

a) storm b) breeze c) cyclone d) hurricane Test 4. Wind speed up to 13 m/s is called:

a) wind and the upper layer of the Earth b) water and atmospheric pressure c) atmospheric pressure and wind d) wind and water Test 5. The destructive power of a hurricane lies in the combined action of:

Test 6. Establish a correspondence between the given concepts and their definitions: Hurricane (typhoon) Storm Tornado A strong atmospheric vortex with great destructive force, in which the air rotates at a speed of up to 100 m/s Wind of destructive force and significant duration, the speed of which exceeds 32 m / s Very strong (with a speed of over 20 m/s) and continuous wind

From the word “ANEMOMETER” (Anemometer is a device for measuring wind speed), make as many words as possible using the letters of this word. Read paragraph 3.1 (pp. 74 – 81) Homework