Industrial railway transport. Railway industry in Russia

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Industrial railway transport

Industrial transport organizes external and internal transportation of enterprises of various forms of ownership. The predominant role in the transportation work of industrial transport is occupied by railway (70-80% of the total volume).

Industrial railway transport, on the one hand, is an integral integral part production (technological transportation), and on the other hand, the most important link in the unified transport system of the Russian Federation (operations in the sphere of circulation).

Industrial railway transport provides for four main forms of servicing non-public railway tracks: railways, organizations of intersectoral industrial railway transport, sectoral united transport enterprises, transport workshops of the enterprise. Industrial railway transport is a transport and technological complex that ensures the systematic movement of objects, products and means of labor in the production process, as well as interaction with mainline railway transport. Together with other modes of transport and means of transportation, industrial railway transport implements technological connections within the enterprise, and is also used to ensure technological connections between enterprises and to move workers within the enterprise. It is divided into external and internal.

External industrial transport ensures that the enterprise receives raw materials, fuel, equipment and workpieces from main transport and transfers finished products for mainline transport.

Internal (or intra-production) industrial transport carries out technological transportation, moving objects of labor from one workplace to another within the boundaries of a workshop and from one workshop to another within the enterprise.

Operations performed by all types of industrial transport should be considered as integral elements of the enterprise's production process.

The total length of normal gauge railway tracks (1520 mm) for industrial transport exceeds the operational length of main roads. The total track length of individual enterprises in the metallurgical, chemical and coal mining industries is 300 kilometers or more.

The features of industrial railway transport engaged in a particular production are determined by the nature of this production. In the mining industry, for example, its operation depends on the depth of mineral deposits, the method of stripping operations, the mining equipment used, the stages of extraction, the length of trenches, etc. In ferrous metallurgy, transportation of ingots is carried out in molds on special carts, liquid iron - in regular or mixer type.

The predominant nature of the movement is shunting, the transportation range is 2-5 km.

In addition to rail transport (broad and narrow gauge), industrial automobile and conveyor transport have become widespread. Along with mainline transport, there is industrial transport, which carries out transportation on industrial enterprises , construction sites, quarries. Industrial transport is a complex complex technical means

and technologies designed to perform transport, loading and unloading operations and warehouse operations in the manufacturing sector. By and large, industrial transport carries out initial and final transportation.

Non-public transport, which directly serves individual enterprises - agricultural, construction, etc. - ensures the normal functioning of their production.

Industrial transport includes:

· intra-shop technological transport;

· intershop technological transport;

· external industrial transport (located at the interface with public transport - it imports raw materials from mainline transport and transfers finished products from workshops to it)

Currently, enterprises widely use special technological conveyors (for bulk cargo), belt and roller conveyors, electric cars and trucks, overhead cable cars (in mines and workshops), etc. These devices are more relevant to intra-shop industrial transport. Inter-shop transport often includes road and rail industrial transport. Enterprises located on the banks of rivers and lakes use river or sea industrial transport, having their own berths, vessels, warehouse and cargo equipment. More than 80% of all industrial transportation is carried out by rail and road industrial transport.

The share of costs in industrial transport, production costs are very high and amount to up to 20% (in Food Industry- 7%, and in open-pit mining - 60-65%, in processing areas - 20-25%). About 8 million people work in industrial transport.

Cargo transportation by industrial transport is 3 times more than by mainline railway transport. For example, to produce 1 ton of finished products - 1 million tons of steel, it is necessary to transport 17 million tons of cargo.

The average transportation distance by industrial transport is small - on average 6.5 km, by mainline railway transport - 1000 km. For this reason, the freight turnover indicator is not used to characterize industrial transport. The main evaluation indicator in industrial transport is cargo transportation.

In industrial transport, only 20% of tracks are currently electrified, in mainline transport - 60%.

Industrial transport plays a leading role in the work of enterprises in the ferrous metallurgy, coal, chemical, construction, forestry, wood and oil refining industries. Industrial transport is part of the enterprise infrastructure.

Industrial railway transport. The total length of all types of gauge of this type of transport is 62 thousand km, while the share of types with a normal gauge of 1520 mm exceeds 90%. For the most part, this type of transport is served by enterprises in the forestry and metallurgical industries. Industrial transport uses electric locomotives, which differ from mainline ones in their design features: the only central driver's cabin is raised above the body; an electric locomotive can move in curves with a radius of up to 60 m (current collection is carried out by side pantographs); Most of the cars are specialized for certain types cargo; low speed (up to 40 km/h); a large number of arrows and switch crossings.

Over the past 15 years, investments in the development of industrial railway transport have been sharply reduced. As a result, 40% of all rolling stock is operated beyond the standard service life and requires replacement. Some enterprises were corporatized and access roads passed into private hands.

Industrial automobile transport takes important place in the total volume of industrial transport. Automotive industrial transport has the following advantages:

1) high versatility and maneuverability (cargo delivery throughout the entire enterprise);

2) the ability to overcome large slopes of the track;

3) has small turning radii, thereby requiring large platforms to perform cargo operations falls.

Disadvantages of road industrial transport:

1) high cost of transportation compared to rail transport

2) dependence of fuel consumption on climatic conditions;

3) the structure of use of the vehicle fleet is imperfect - special vehicles are used little, and the operational life of trucks is sharply reduced.

Effective use various types transport is created through combined automobile - rail transport systems, as well as the involvement of special vehicles - forklifts.

In industrial transport, pipeline transport, monorail cableways, and cargo cableways are also applicable in inter-shop and intra-shop transportation.

Main indicators of industrial transport. Qualitative performance indicators of industrial transport characterize the level of use of transport and loading and unloading equipment in terms of time and power. A general assessment of the quality of operational work is obtained by determining the average productivity of a wagon, locomotive, automobiles, special types of industrial transport, and means of mechanization of cargo handling. Quantitative indicators of the operation of industrial transport include the volumes of transportation performed at the enterprise by one or another type of transport for a specified period (volumes of external departure and arrival of goods, inter-shop and intra-shop volumes of transportation, volumes of loading and unloading and warehouse operations).

Industrial railway transport

"...Industrial railway transport is a complex of technical means and structures of non-public railway transport, providing transport service production processes and provision transport services, as well as communication with other organizations and public transport..."

Source:

Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated May 30, 2001 N AN-47-r "On approval of the Instructions for the operation of railway crossings on industrial transport tracks"

Official terminology.

Akademik.ru.

2012. See what “Industrial railway transport” is in other dictionaries:

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Own industrial railway transport at an enterprise carrying out serious economic activity transportation of products, raw materials, production waste, etc. is not a luxury, but an urgent necessity. Today, the activities of industrial railway transport cover more than 10,000 enterprises of all industries.

The interaction of mainline railway and industrial transport consists in the transportation of goods from one economic facility to another, most often from a specific industrial organization to the station that is part of the Russian Railways structure. At the same time, the activities of industrial railway transport account for about 90% of the total freight transport carried out on railways common use.

Industrial railway transport at an enterprise in any industry has the same infrastructure as the railway transport of JSC Russian Railways, namely:

1) Access roads, the gauge of which is almost universally 1524 mm, and the length ranges from 100 m (for small enterprises) to over 400 km (for industrial giants);

2) Traction rolling stock - traction rolling stock includes:
locomotives, in most cases - diesel, since industrial access roads (non-public tracks) are not equipped contact network: diesel locomotives, traction modules, railcars;
cars of the most varied configurations: covered cars, gondola cars, hoppers, platforms, dump cars, tanks, refrigerators, etc.

3) Specialized service organizations, whose competence includes such types of work as and, maintenance and.

All work on industrial railway transport is regulated by the same regulatory and technical documents and instructions similar to work on public railway tracks.

They have enormous experience behind them on big hardware. That is why we are pleased to offer you the entire range of our products, starting from and ending with your railway facilities.

Our traction train - diesel locomotives ChME3, TEM-2 (7, 15, 18), TGM-4 (6, 23), etc., under the control of first-class drivers, will transport any of your cargo over any distance. At the same time, you don’t have to worry about or loading wagons - that too.

In addition, we will coordinate all possible issues with the relevant services of JSC Russian Railways, thus establishing interaction between mainline railway and industrial transport for your enterprise.

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