General ideas about gas stations

The main purpose of gas stations is to refuel motor vehicles. The location of the gas station and its production capacity, taking into account the intensity of traffic flows and compliance with the required safety standards - fire, environmental, etc.

Gas station sites should be with asphalt or concrete pavement and provide free access for vehicles to dispensers and drains. In places where oil products may spill near filling islands, the coating must be resistant to oil products.

Gas stations must be equipped with signs indicating the location of a fire reservoir, water intake wells or a fire hydrant, and markers at gas stations with awnings. The territory in the dark must be lit in accordance with existing standards. Special lighting should be given to the lighting of places for refueling and draining oil products. Gas stations must have a landline phone.

Storage of petroleum products at gas stations is carried out in metal horizontal above-ground or buried tanks.

Tanks and their equipment

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The design of the tank and the technology of its operation must ensure its tightness for 10 years or more. To control the tightness of the tank, it is equipped with appropriate systems that allow timely detection of a leak and taking measures. The tank equipment and its placement should ensure that all necessary technological operations are performed:

1. reception (draining) of oil products is provided by a drain device;

2. the release of petroleum products is provided by a dispensing device;

cleaning inside the tank is carried out through a special manhole, which can be made on the cover of the technological neck or separately.

Conventional gas stations have 3-4 types of gasoline and diesel fuel in their set. At the same time, there are several options for filling stations at gas stations: according to the principle, one column - one type of fuel, one point - all types of gasoline and diesel fuel, a mixed option (especially in the presence of gas filling stations). The first option involves driving a car to a strictly defined column, which is not very convenient, because. makes. Therefore, at modern gas stations there is a tendency to the second type.

AGZS are gas filling stations. Usually they are part of gas stations, but due to the special requirements for the refueling process, they are located away from gas stations. Today, with the rise in gasoline prices, the demand for gas filling stations is also growing.

KAFS - container gas station or gas station of modular (container) type. Such a mini-gas station is designed for receiving, storing and dispensing one or two types of fuel in the territory of settlements. Gas stations have an above-ground fuel storage tank. Its technological system is characterized by the placement of gas stations (fuel dispensers) in a single unit with a fuel storage container. Convenient for quick deployment of filling stations

MTAZS is a multi-fuel filling station. Allows you to simultaneously sell two types of fuel (liquid motor fuel and liquefied hydrocarbon gas). There are still few such gas stations, but the fashion for gas equipment should do its job - MTAZS will become a common type of gas station.

Diesel fuel is a liquid product used as a fuel in a diesel internal combustion engine, as well as in gas diesel engines. Usually, this term is understood as fuel obtained from kerosene-gas oil fractions of direct distillation of oil.

Benzimn is a combustible mixture of light hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 30 to 200 °C.

Propamn, C3H8 is an organic substance of the alkane class. Contained in natural gas, formed during the cracking of petroleum products.

Butamn (C4H10) is an organic compound of the alkane class. In chemistry, the name is mainly used to refer to n-butane. The mixture of n-butane and its isomer isobutane CH(CH3)3 has the same name. Poisonous, inhalation of butane causes dysfunction of the pulmonary-respiratory apparatus.

Fuel dispensers

Filling stations use fuel, oil and mixture dispensers designed to refuel vehicles with simultaneous measurement of the amount of fuel, oil or mixture dispensed. The dispensers as strict metering devices are equipped with measuring devices, the reading error of which under operating conditions at an ambient and fuel temperature of + -40С should not go beyond: + -0.25% of fuel dispensers for general use.

Design software distinguishes the following types of columns:

· КР - portable with the manual drive;

· KER - stationary with electric drive;

· KEM - stationary with an electric drive and control from a local setting device;

· КА - stationary with the electric drive, automated.

Fuel dispensers, regardless of design and manufacturer, have a pump, a liquid meter, a counting device, a gas separator with a float chamber, a filter, an indicator, a dispensing valve, a check valve and a housing.

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Fuel from tank 1, through intake valve 2, passing through filter 3, enters pump 4.

Fuel for engines today is one of the most sought after products. Its popularity is constantly growing, which allows it to be used to organize a business.

The main source of income is a gas station. You can get acquainted with the technical features of the construction of such facilities at economazs.com/toplivozapravochnyj-v-kontejnere.

Basic concepts

Filling stations are special systems designed to store fuel with the possibility of refueling vehicles. This design consists of several main elements:

• tanks of various sizes;
• pump. Used to transfer fuel;
• pipeline;
• control and measurement system.

Depending on the functional purpose, filling stations can be divided into 2 large groups:

1. Public systems. This includes all systems that allow refueling with multiple fuels. This type of gas station is the main one and is found almost everywhere.
2. Departmental. Gas stations of this type are installed in large enterprises. This makes it possible to refuel vehicles operated by a particular company. Very often this approach is practiced in large warehouses.

Refueling classification

Depending on the design features, gas stations can be divided into several types:

• Stationary. In such stations, the tanks are underground, and the filling stations are placed on the surface. In this case, the last elements can be installed at a certain distance from the tank.
• Block. These designs are very similar to the previous type. But here the filling column itself is already mounted directly above the tank, which is also hidden underground. Together they form a kind of block.
• Container. Tanks of such gas stations are already installed on the surface. At the same time, the filling column is separated from them and can be installed at a certain distance.
• Mobile. Filling stations of this type resemble the previous type of structures. But they have a container and a filling column already located on the same building. This allows you to install them almost anywhere without the need for arranging channels for transportation.
• Mobile. This is a kind of mobile gas stations that are installed on car platforms. It turns out a kind of refueling on wheels. Such systems are used to refuel vehicles that operate remotely from the main types of gas stations.

When choosing a filling station, a station should primarily be guided by the needs of the enterprise and the level of system security.

Filling stations (gas stations) are designed to receive, store and refuel ground vehicles with motor fuel.

Along with refueling at gas stations, the following work can be performed:

Changing and adding oil to engines and coolant to radiators;

Tire inflation with air;

Adding electrolyte and recharging batteries;

Adding brake fluid and bleeding the brakes;

Car wash;

Minor car maintenance and repairs;

Service for drivers and passengers (cafe, shop, etc.).

In order not to reduce the throughput of the station for refueling, all auxiliary work is carried out away from the filling islands at specially designated posts.

Car filling stations are classified according to various criteria. By design:

Stationary;

Container (KAZS);

Mobile (PASS).

By function:

Common use;

Departmental.

According to the way of placement of tanks:

With an underground location;

With ground location;

With the location on the vehicle.

According to the normative parameters of standard projects:

By the number of fuel dispensers;

By the number of gas stations during peak hours;

By the number of refueling cars per day;

According to the total capacity of the tanks.

By type of location on the ground, gas stations are:

Road;

urban;

Rural;

Road gas stations are located near highways. They must provide refueling vehicles with fuel, compressed air and water. The capacity of road stations depends on the intensity of vehicles on the road and can reach 1000 - 1500 gas stations per day.

City filling stations are located in cities outside the central part (residential areas) and are designed for filling all types of cars and motorcycles. The capacity of city stations is 250 - 1000 gas stations per day, and the stations of the "sidewalk type" - 150 - 250 gas stations per day in the central areas of the city for personal cars.

Rural filling stations provide refueling of vehicles of agricultural enterprises and organizations of regional centers with all types of fuels and lubricants.

River gas stations carry out refueling of water small vessels - boats, motor boats, etc.

Stationary gas stations are built according to standard designs with mass-produced technological systems for receiving, storing and refueling, agreed with the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Non-serial technological systems are allowed, the documentation of which is consistent with the territorial divisions of the fire service.

Stationary gas stations are capital structures, including buildings, fuel dispensers, tanks, process pipelines, treatment facilities and various process support systems. A variant of gas station structures is shown in Figure 4.1.

The hinged group includes filling islands, information column lamps, a facing set for the colonnade and a hinged part, a light frieze in the Customer's corporate color scheme, a three-dimensional illuminated sign of the Customer, lighting fixtures, a transitional dome between the building and the hinged group.

Rice. 4.1. The composition of the gas station facilities: a) I - hinged group; 2 - production block of the building; 3 - service block of the building; b) 1 - hinged group; 2 - module of the building of full factory readiness

Filling islands are made of polished or brushed stainless steel and are used as fuel dispenser bases, column supports, steles and service posts to protect them from vehicle damage.

The gas station building consists of one prefabricated module or production and service blocks. The production block includes a central entrance, an operator's work area, an electrical panel room, a pantry, a service exit, a locksmith's room, an administrator's room, a service bathroom, a visitor's bathroom and a security room. The service block is intended for service.

The gas station building is equipped with air conditioning systems, a thermal curtain of the central vestibule, television surveillance, heating, lighting and ventilation, electricity and water consumption metering, sewerage, security and fire alarms, public address systems, as well as fuel dispenser protection units, etc.

Stationary gas stations can provide refueling up to 1500 cars per day. In terms of capacity, they are calculated for 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 car fillings per day, in terms of the number of fillings during peak hours - 57, 100, 135, 170 cars per hour, other capacities are possible (Table 4.1). The most common types are filling stations with 500 - 750 fillings per day.

Table 4.1 Normative parameters of typical gas station projects

The technological process of functioning of a stationary filling station includes a set of operations for receiving, storing and dispensing petroleum products. In order to increase the efficiency of filling stations, the technological process can be provided with automated systems for determining the amount of fuel, monitoring the tightness of tanks, reducing fuel losses and maintaining its quality.

The amount of fuel stored at filling stations is determined based on the average filling of one car (50 liters), and the number of fuel dispensers - based on servicing 15 cars per hour.

The layout of the station may have different solutions depending on the capacity and amount of fuel supplied and the services provided to customers. One such solution is shown in Figure 4.2.

Rice. 4.2. Gas station plan: I - platform for a tank truck; 2 - fuel tanks; 3 - parking of cars; 4 - trash cans; 5 - stele; b - storage tanks for treatment facilities

Filling stations (gas stations) and equipment refueling points (PZT) are divided into several types according to their purpose, design and usage features. The basis of all types of gas stations are small mini-gas stations, including:

Tank with a capacity of up to 30 m3,

Pump unit for pumping fuel or fuel dispenser,

pipeline equipment,

Necessary instrumentation.

On this basis, it is possible to create a variety of filling points - stationary, modular, container, mobile, etc.

According to the functional purpose, there are:

Public filling stations - multi-fuel filling stations, on the territory of which the refueling of vehicles with two or three types of fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas) is provided.

Departmental gas stations - small gas stations located on the territory of the enterprise and intended for refueling vehicles and other motor vehicles only of this company. Large enterprises with a significant number of automobile, tractor, road and other vehicles refueling with motor fuel, as a rule, have their own departmental PZT. This allows them to provide a certain autonomy and independence from any kind of interruption in the fuel supply system.

According to the design of the gas station, there are:

1.Stationary– classic gas stations with underground storage tanks for fuel storage with spatial separation of tanks and fuel dispensers (TRK). Stationary gas stations are built (installed) directly in the places where equipment is serviced, for example, in car parks.

2.Block– Filling stations with underground fuel storage tanks, the technological system of which is characterized by the installation of a fuel dispenser unit above the fuel storage unit.

3.container– Filling stations with above-ground fuel storage tanks. They are characterized by separate placement of the fuel dispenser and the tank with process equipment in containers made as separate factory products.

4.Modular– Filling stations with above-ground arrangement of fuel storage tanks with spatial separation of fuel dispensers and fuel containers, made in the form of separate modules: a filling module and a fuel storage module.

5.Mobile- Filling stations with above-ground fuel storage tanks, the technological system of which is characterized by the placement of the tank, fuel dispenser and process equipment on the same base or in a container in the form of a single factory product. The scope of mobile filling stations is quite wide and includes their use by vehicle fleets, construction, road repair and other organizations. They are convenient wherever you need a constant supply of fuel to enterprises.

6.mobile- these are, as a rule, mobile gas stations, the technological equipment of which is installed on the vehicle platform (automobile or caterpillar chassis, trailer, semi-trailer) and is made as a single factory product. Mobile refueling points have optimal dimensions and relatively low weight, so they can be delivered to the place of work of construction, road and other special equipment or vehicles. This allows you to significantly speed up the production process, and ultimately reduce the cost of equipment downtime.

So, as you can see, according to the way the tanks are placed, all filling stations can be divided into three categories:

With an underground location (traditional - classic and block filling stations);

Ground-based (container and modular filling stations);

With the location on the vehicle (mobile gas stations).

Finally, by level of automation exist:

Automatic gas stations are such gas stations where only the driver is involved in the whole process without attendants. In this case, the driver must have his personal code or electronic key, with which he activates the fuel dispenser and fills the equipment with the required amount of fuel. The driver of a tank truck acts similarly when filling the gas station tank with fuel. In both cases, data on personal and quantitative accounting are received by a single center (for example, through the GLONAS system) and processed. This option is very attractive in economic terms, it eliminates unaccounted fuel drain (theft) and saves on the maintenance of maintenance personnel (operators).

Semi-automatic gas stations are points where the process of filling (draining) differs from the previous one in that the data on personal and quantitative accounting are recorded directly at the gas station (for example, in the control room).

Ordinary filling stations are filling points where the driver informs the dispatcher of his credentials and the amount of refueled (drained) fuel, and then refuels the car on his own or drains the fuel from the tank truck.

Advantages of different types of filling stations

We will not talk about the features of stationary gas stations - this is how all commercial gas stations look. Let's take a closer look at container, modular and mobile gas stations, because they are much more convenient as a departmental gas station and have a lot of advantages.

container gas station- as a rule, this type of refueling is intended for receiving, storing, and also issuing one type of fuel to consumers (vehicle owners) (rarely - two or more). Such filling stations are characterized by the fact that fuel dispensers with the necessary technological equipment are placed in one container and connected to another container - a fuel storage tank, into a single technological system. The use of container filling stations is justified in the construction of large facilities, where a large number of vehicles, road and special equipment are involved.

The main advantages of a container filling station are:

Relatively low cost of the kit, payback period is not more than one year.

Short installation and commissioning time (approximately two weeks).

Due to the reliable and durable design of the tank, the container filling station does not require the construction of a complex foundation.

It does not require the installation of a special container for a possible emergency spill of fuel.

The container filling station is delivered as a kit consisting of finished factory products with the relevant documents and technical data sheets. As a rule, a container filling station is equipped with a fuel dispenser, but it can also be equipped with a pumping unit with a system for receiving and dispensing fuel. In the latter case, we are talking about those gas stations where personal accounting of fuel issuance is not required.

Modular gas station- a filling point, which is characterized by an above-ground location of tanks, as well as the separation of the fuel dispenser and the fuel storage container. Here, the composition includes the same fuel tanks as in container gas stations. However, the modular version differs from the latter in that fuel dispensers are installed on filling islands, and not in a container. This design of containerized modular gas stations makes it possible to complete them with various types of fuel dispensers, since there are almost no restrictions on dimensions.

Advantages of modular filling stations:

It is possible to use different types of fuel dispensers.

Installation is carried out without special expenses and does not require much time.

As in the previous case, a quick payback.

In addition to differences in size, modular gas stations have other design features and differ from each other in the set of technological equipment installed.

Mobile gas station Today, filling stations of this type are very popular among customers. They provide reception, storage and distribution of all types of motor fuels for any vehicles. Mobile gas stations allow you to work with fuels such as diesel, gasoline and aviation fuel, as well as with hydraulic, motor, transmission and other oils.

To ensure the operation of pumps in mobile filling stations, it is possible to use an electric (including battery-powered), hydraulic, mechanical (manual) drive, as well as a drive from an internal combustion engine (ICE). In some cases, when using high-strength tanks, it is possible to use compressed air to squeeze the fuel directly out of the tank.

Among the advantages of mobile filling stations:

The ability to promptly and quickly refuel vehicles at enterprises, as well as where stationary gas stations are not available.

There is always a reserve fuel supply for vehicles, as well as an operational fuel supply, the volume of which can be from 1000 to 30,000 liters.

The fuel tank can be made in a double-walled version, which makes it possible to use it in regions with low temperatures.

Mobile gas stations can be successfully used in the territories of warehouse complexes, in ports, at parking lots of small ships and boats. They can also be installed at recreation centers, where it is necessary to refuel both the vehicles of the base itself and the vehicles of vacationers. They are widely used in car dealerships and car services, in agriculture during mass field work.

The mobile filling stations that we offer to our customers are manufactured in the Russian Federation, include various types of control over the receipt, storage and release of fuel, they are made in the form of a single factory product and have all the necessary certificates and technical data sheets. Installation of a mobile gas station and its subsequent use does not require special permits.

Why is it beneficial?

Mini-filling stations, as a rule, are delivered to the customer in the form of a set of equipment assembled into a single technological system. The service life of such mini gas stations is twenty years or more, and the operating conditions provide for their placement in all climatic zones of our country.

Mini gas stations are the best option in terms of price and quality. They are good because they occupy a small area of ​​land, their throughput allows you to fully meet the needs of customers in motor fuel for vehicles.

The payback of mini-gas stations is quite high. Experience shows that with constant operation within one year of 10-15 units of automotive or special equipment, a mini-gas station fully pays for itself only because of the difference between wholesale and retail fuel prices.

In addition, the use of an automated control system at a mini-filling station allows you to organize the necessary control and accounting for the release of fuel without the participation of an operator, which is especially advisable with a small number of vehicles.

"Point of Refueling" offers a full range of services to provide your fleet with fuel directly on the territory of the enterprise, and at the same time you pay less than refueling at third-party gas stations!

ORGANIZATIONS

TYPES AND PURPOSE OF SERVICE COMPANIES AND

1) Gas stations are designed to provide car owners with fuel, lubricants and technical fluids.

2) A filling station is an enterprise that provides, in addition to refueling, additional services:

Car wash:

Provision of secure parking;

Oil change and minor repairs;

Providing posts for self-service;

Technical assistance;

Meals and rest for drivers and passengers, etc.

3) AGNKS (automobile gas-filling compressor stations) that carry out refueling with compressed natural gas and gas filling stations (automobile gas filling stations) that carry out

refueling with liquefied petroleum gas.

2. SERVICE STATIONS (SRT).

A service station is the main type of a service enterprise where the following services and works can be performed:

Sale and pre-sale preparation of cars;

Washing and cleaning;

Diagnostics, maintenance and repair;

Sale of spare parts and materials;

Additional equipment and tuning;

Temporary storage of cars;

Technical assistance;

Accompanying services.

STOs are classified:

By appointment and location: urban and road;

By size (number of working posts) for:

Small - up to 5 posts;

Medium - 6-15 posts;

Large - 16 or more posts;

By objects and lists of works and services performed on:

Complex;

Specialized in works and services;

Specialized in brands and types of vehicles.

3. DEALER ENTERPRISES (DEALERS).

These are trade and service enterprises that sell, warranty and post-warranty maintenance of cars of a certain manufacturer with which an agreement has been concluded.

Depending on the content of the contract with the manufacturer, dealers may be entitled to:

Trademark (franchising or commercial concession) and manufacturer's brand - "branded service enterprises");

Trade and / or service of cars of this manufacturer.

Enterprises performing maintenance, current and major repairs of units, components and systems of vehicles.

The most widely used specialized workstations for repair:

Electronic and electrical equipment;

Radio equipment and means of protection;

Tires and wheels;

Bodies and cabs (repair, straightening, painting);

Ventilation, air conditioning and climate systems;

Engines and transmission units;

Suspension and running gear.

5. TUNING COMPANIES.

They make retrofitting or structural changes to cars and units.

The most typical works are:

External modernization of the body (change of geometry, installation of fender liner, fairings, etc.);

Internal modernization of the body (re-planning, replacement of seats, installation of partitions, etc.);

Installation of additional equipment and devices (audio-video equipment, airbags, power windows, anti-theft devices, etc.);

Replacement of aggregates and systems (installation of a more powerful engine, automatic transmission, replacement or strengthening of the suspension, etc.);

Upgrading or changing the design of units (forcing or deforcing the engine, installing converters and filters, etc.).

6. SHOPS AND SALES FOR SALE OF CARS.

7. CAR WASHES.

Car washes are divided into:

Automated;

mechanized;

Non-mechanized (manual washing and cleaning).

8. CAR PARKING.

Subdivided: - according to the mode of use into:

Permanent (stationary);

Temporary;

According to the arrangement and design for:

Open and closed;

Manege and with isolated boxes;

Heated and not heated;

Ground, underground and multi-storey;

According to the composition of the services offered:

Single purpose (storage only);

Multi-purpose (storage, washing, minor repairs, etc.).

9 MOTELS AND CAMPSITES.

Motels are intended for short-term rest and accommodation of drivers and passengers on the way and storage of cars.

Campsites are designed for long-term accommodation and recreation of autotourists. They represent a well-equipped and protected area with areas for placing cars, residential houses or tents, common household premises.

10. TRADING AND SUPPLY COMPANIES.

Designed to provide service enterprises with vehicles, spare parts, process equipment and materials.

11. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SERVICES.

Designed to provide technical assistance at the site of a vehicle failure and transport the vehicle if it is impossible to eliminate the failure to a service company or storage location.

12. OTHER ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS.

1) Banks providing car loans.

2) Insurance companies working with service companies that repair cars for "insured events".

3) Companies and bureaus of autotechnical expertise. Bureau of technical expertise carry out:

Determining the actual costs of car repairs as a result of insured events;

Verification of the compliance of the actual repair performed with the payment documentation issued by the service company;

Checking the compliance of materials and spare parts with current requirements, etc.