social support measures. Social support and social services for the population

improving the effectiveness of social benefits and providing other forms of assistance to low-income families based on the principle of targeting;

expanding the market and improving the quality of social services provided in order to ensure the freedom of choice of citizens using free or subsidized social services;

expanding the freedom of choice of citizens using free or subsidized social services.

To achieve the goals set, transformations in the system of state social assistance will be aimed at achieving the following tasks:

ensuring the most effective protection of socially vulnerable families that do not have the opportunity to independently solve social problems;

improving the efficiency of social services for the population, including through the active involvement of non-governmental organizations;

a clear delineation and, if necessary, a redistribution of powers between different levels of government in the field of social support for the population;

State measures will be developed and implemented to overcome poverty, providing for a reduction in its level in the medium term, prevention of its increase and spread, including using various mechanisms and approaches to specific socio-economic groups of the population.

In order to clarify the methodology for determining the subsistence minimum as a criterion of poverty, in accordance with the law, in the context of reforming the social sphere, the consumer basket for the main socio-demographic groups of the population will be updated, taking into account the practice of examining regional consumer baskets.

The reforms in the field of social support for the population will be based on the principle of targeted social assistance based on a means test, the essence of which is the concentration of state resources on meeting the needs of those who need them most.

A gradual and balanced approach will be required to review and abolish a number of benefits while introducing adequate compensatory mechanisms for the poor and the most vulnerable segments of the population.

Benefits established for various categories of working citizens (in particular, law enforcement officers, military personnel) will be converted into cash payments.

When the traditionally established equalizing provision of social benefits is abandoned, categories of citizens who, due to their physical and age condition, are deprived of the possibility of self-sufficiency, will be taken into account. In this case, social benefits will be transformed into one of the types of state social assistance.

State social assistance will be provided only to low-income families whose total income is below the subsistence minimum and who are in a difficult life situation. In this regard, it is required to improve the procedure for mandatory testing of the needs of its recipients, as well as the obligation to use all opportunities to independently overcome a difficult life situation. A gradual introduction of a contract system is envisaged, providing for counter obligations of the client when receiving assistance (employment, participation in public works, in programs of socio-psychological rehabilitation, etc.).

It will be necessary to delineate the powers, rights and responsibilities in this area between the state authorities of the Russian Federation, its constituent entities and local governments. At the federal level, it is planned to establish general conditions, legal and organizational foundations for the provision of state social assistance. The tasks of the federal executive authorities include the formation of a legislative regulatory framework that defines the parameters of poverty and mechanisms for overcoming it, the development of methods for the targeted procedure for the provision of state social assistance and control over its implementation, verification of the legality of decisions made at the regional level. The functions of determining the amount and types of social assistance, as well as establishing additional conditions for citizens in need of social assistance, are supposed to be transferred to the regional level. The direct provision of social assistance is expedient to be carried out by local governments, since by their nature they are as close as possible to the population.

The relevance of solving the problem of determining the needs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in financing targeted social assistance remains relevant, taking into account the need for interbudget equalization. At the same time, the financing of state social assistance, provided for by laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, must be carried out from the budgets of the relevant constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

To strengthen state assistance to citizens with children, measures will be taken to ensure the timely and full payment of monthly benefits.

In recent years, the number of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation and in need of comprehensive measures of social support has increased (disabled people, military personnel who took part in hostilities, persons without a fixed place of residence, citizens of the older generation, neglected and homeless children).

The purpose of state policy in relation to these categories of socially vulnerable citizens is to create conditions for the implementation and provision of equal opportunities with other citizens in the exercise of civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and current legislation. In particular, it is necessary to take measures to improve the social status and level of material support of servicemen, members of their families, veterans of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to create a state system of medical - social and medical - psychological rehabilitation of combatants, victims of armed conflicts and emergencies.

In connection with the growth in the number of citizens with disabilities, primarily children, the need for their medical, professional and social rehabilitation has increased. Priority areas in the medium term will be:

It is planned to further develop program-targeted and competitive mechanisms for financing activities for the provision of social services to the population in order to ensure equal access to state funding for state and non-state organizations providing social services.

It is envisaged to develop general requirements for the activities of state, municipal, private and other institutions providing various types of social services, based on state standards of social services and a system for assessing the quality of the implementation of social programs; use private philanthropic funds along with public funding; to develop the self-sufficiency of social services in areas where the necessary prerequisites exist for this.

In order to ensure effective management of processes in the social sphere, work will continue on the integrated informatization of the social sphere, which allows creating a unified system for collecting, storing and presenting information characterizing the state of the social sphere of the Russian Federation.

Social support of the population - a system of principles, methods, legally established by the state of social guarantees, measures and institutions that ensure the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and activities of the existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, means of the state and society directed against risk situations in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, disability, death of a breadwinner, and others; a set of state measures of a socio-economic and legal nature to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformations (transition to market relations) and the associated decrease in their standard of living.

In Russia, the right of citizens to social support is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The system of social support of the population includes: social security, social insurance and social protection. It is carried out at the expense of the federal, local budgets, specially created funds for social support of the population, non-state funds.

The purpose of the system of social support for the population is to provide support and assistance to groups of the population and individual citizens in need of this with the help of regulatory, economic, socio-psychological, organizational and technical means and levers. The main principles of social support: humanity, social justice, targeting, comprehensiveness, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.

The need to improve the system of social support for the population is caused by the transition to market relations in society. The main prerequisites for its development are the change in the form of ownership; changing the system of distribution of material goods and services and the formation of new relations between members of society; the need to solve a number of social problems (unemployment, guarantees of social protection in old age, the necessary level of spending on education, medical care, the possibility of making a profit in the form of a dividend on shares, etc.), social stratification of society, as well as providing a legislative basis for social support for rights and human freedoms.

The system of social support for the population performs the function of maintaining the real preservation of the monetary unit in the face of inflation, an operational mechanism for protecting certain segments of the population (the disabled, the low-income, the unemployed, families with children, the economically active population) from innovations that lead to a decrease in their standard of living (indexation of monetary income, the establishment preferential prices for goods and services for pensioners, preferential taxation, etc.). The main goals of social support for the population are to get rid of absolute poverty (when the average per capita total family income is below the subsistence level), to provide material assistance to the population in extreme conditions, and to promote the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy.

An integral element of the social support of the population in the crisis conditions of the transition to market relations is social assistance, provision in cash or in kind, in the form of services or benefits provided subject to social guarantees legally established by the state; a set of social services, medical-social, socio-economic, social-domestic, socio-psychological, socio-pedagogical and other support of a person from state and non-state structures during his crisis, in difficult life situations. It performs the function of providing assistance for poverty to certain groups of the population in extreme conditions; is in the nature of periodic and one-time cash supplements to pensions and benefits, in-kind payments and services in order to neutralize critical life situations, adverse economic conditions.

Social assistance (support) is carried out at the expense of local authorities, enterprises (organizations), extra-budgetary and charitable funds in order to provide targeted, differentiated assistance to those in need.

The most important component of the social support of the population is the institution of social work bodies. The purpose of their activities is to pursue a state policy aimed at establishing stable and orderly links between various levels of the organizational system, designed to form social relations in society, provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, and develop economic independence in management.

The effectiveness of the work of the bodies of social support of the population is expressed in resolving the problems of economic, socio-political and spiritual development, ensuring the stabilization of society. The objects of management in the system of social support of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational teams of this system, as well as relations between people.

The subjects of management are bodies that are directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministry, committees, departments, departments, departments of social protection of the population. The main function of the bodies, institutions of social protection of the population is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure achieving the set goals.

The main levels of social work bodies: republic (Federation), region, labor collective, non-governmental (charitable) public organizations. An important role in the system of social support for the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives.

The main functions of the bodies of social support of the population at the federal level: the organization of pension services and the provision of benefits; social service; medical and social expertise, rehabilitation of the disabled and the provision of prosthetic and orthopedic care; social assistance to families and children; preparation of legislation on social protection of the population; as well as the development of provisions on the basics of social policy, the analysis and forecast of the standard of living of various categories of the population, the preparation of recommendations for the development of regional social programs, the development of social standards, etc.

The functions of the bodies of social protection of the population at the regional (local) level are regulated by higher bodies, with a certain independence, include: ensuring and solving production and economic problems, planned and financial and economic activities, creating various social assistance funds, solving economic problems, etc.

Certain functions are performed by various charitable organizations and funds for social assistance to the population: social and medical assistance to the lonely, the elderly, the infirm; social rehabilitation of the disabled; legal assistance to socially needy categories of the population, etc.

The main requirements for the implementation of social support for vulnerable social strata of the population: the primary and prevailing role of the state in the implementation of this protection; shifting the center of gravity in work from material protection to social care for people; increasing the role of social and emotional communities, religious communities, collectives in social protection organizations; strengthening the contribution of entrepreneurs to the social protection of citizens in need, the elimination of poverty, the creation of jobs, etc.; providing various forms of social protection and developing targeted assistance measures designed for a specific contingent of those in need; maximum consideration of the principle of social justice.

Social support of the population includes social security, social insurance and social protection. The need to improve the system of social support for the population is caused by the transition to market relations in society.

The main prerequisites for its development is a change in the form of ownership; changing the system of distribution of material goods and services and the formation of new relations between members of society; the need to solve a number of social problems (unemployment, guarantees of social protection in old age, medical care, etc.), social stratification of society, as well as providing a legislative basis for the protection of human rights and freedoms.

The main requirements for the implementation of social support for the most vulnerable segments of the population are as follows:

The primary and prevailing role of the state in the implementation of this protection;

transferring the center of gravity in work with material support to social care for people; the need to organize social protection, primarily through family assistance;

Increasing the role of social and national communities, religious communities, collectives in the organization of social support;

Strengthening the contribution of entrepreneurs to social support for needy citizens, the elimination of poverty, the creation of jobs, etc.;

Providing various forms of social support and developing precisely targeted assistance measures designed for a specific contingent of those in need;

Maximum consideration of the principle of social justice, etc.

Every citizen has the right to social protection and support.

The Constitution obliges the state to create all the necessary conditions for the exercise of this right.

It not only proclaims the right of citizens to social support, but also clearly defines the ways of its implementation. First of all, this is compulsory pension insurance for employees, the creation of other funds that are sources of financing social support for the population, as well as the adoption of federal laws guaranteeing the exercise of these rights.

As a matter of priority, social support in the Russian Federation is in need of:

Elderly citizens, especially single and lonely living, including single married couples;

Disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War and families of fallen servicemen;

Disabled people, incl. disabled since childhood and children with disabilities;

Disabled soldiers-internationalists;

Citizens affected by the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and radioactive releases elsewhere;

Unemployed;

Forced refugees and migrants;

Children are complete orphans;

Children with deviant behavior;

Families with disabled children, orphans;

Low-income families;

Large families;

single mothers;

Persons with disabilities.

The social protection management bodies and their subordinate enterprises, institutions, organizations, territorial bodies of social protection of the population form a unified state system of social protection of the population, providing state support for families, the elderly, veterans and disabled people, persons discharged from military service, and members of their families, development of the system of social services, implementation of state policy in the field of pension provision and labor relations.

Mitigate the negative effects of poverty in the country, reduce social inequality, prevent dependency, increase the effectiveness of social benefits, provide assistance in various forms to low-income families on the principle of targeting, expand the market for social services and improve their quality to ensure the freedom of choice of citizens who use subsidized or free social services. services - all these measures of social support are aimed at. This should be the provision of maximum effect protection for all socially vulnerable people in the country, those who cannot solve their problems on their own.

In the plans

The effectiveness of social services for our own people should be much greater, but social support measures are far from the first of the concerns of modern society in our country. There is no clear delimitation and redistribution of powers at all levels of government, and therefore there are no tangible improvements in this area. Involvement of non-governmental organizations, competitive funding from alternative sources and the use of this in all types of social assistance - these are measures of social support. But all of the above is only in the plans. Much is said about the fact that state projects are being developed and will be implemented to overcome poverty, that approximately its level will decrease in the medium term. Other social support measures will also be taken. This will help prevent poverty and keep it from spreading.

It is planned to use a variety of mechanisms in the approach to certain groups of the population, socially and economically disadvantaged. First of all, the methodology in determining the subsistence minimum and poverty criteria will be specified in accordance with the legislation. This means that the effective provision of social support measures will not take place soon, only after studying the issue of criteria. Under the condition of reforming the social environment, it is possible to update the consumer basket, and therefore expert examinations of consumer baskets by region will be practiced. This is what is now being advised to those who come for help to social protection institutions: “You don’t need to buy expensive washing powder, it’s better to choose laundry soap, and brush your teeth with toothpowder, which is much cheaper than all pastes. There should be more pasta in the diet, since meat and vegetables are expensive ". And these tips are sometimes the most effective provision of social support measures.

Target orientation

First of all, a thorough means test is needed. Reforms in this area are built on this, as evidenced by the law on social support measures. The principle of targeted orientation of any type of social assistance, the essence of which is to meet the needs of the most needy, will not soon triumph. What is needed is a gradual approach to reviewing existing benefits and removing them as soon as adequate compensatory mechanisms are in place to help the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the country's population. The law on measures of social support speaks of the benefits that are established in relation to various categories of workers, such as military personnel and those working in law enforcement agencies. In the future, traditional and already established equalizing social benefits will have to be completely abandoned, but for now this process is only gaining momentum. All aid will be provided in cash.

Nevertheless, those categories of the population who, due to their age or physical condition, are not able to provide for themselves will be taken into account. In such cases, additional social support measures will be transformed into other types of assistance. State support will be received only by those whose total income is below the subsistence minimum, and who are in a difficult life situation. That is why the mandatory means test procedure needs to be improved to make sure that the person in need of help used all the possibilities to overcome a difficult life situation on their own. Only then will measures of social support for certain categories of citizens become effective. It will be gradually introduced, which provides for counter obligations on the part of the client when receiving assistance: public works, employment, socio-psychological rehabilitation, and the like.

Tasks of power structures

The authorities must necessarily delimit the powers, responsibilities and rights in this area between the state power of the Russian Federation, its subjects and local self-government. The federal level involves the establishment of general conditions, legal and organizational bases on which social support measures are applied. Social services are based on the normative legislative base, the formation of which will be dealt with by the federal authorities. It is they who will determine the parameters of existing poverty and the mechanisms that can overcome it. Their prerogative is the development of methods of only targeted order for the provision of state assistance. The federal authorities will also exercise control at all stages of support, verify the legality of decisions that are made at the regional levels.

But specific measures of social support for citizens, the amount and types of assistance provided, additional conditions for receiving it will be determined at the regional level. Local self-government will directly provide this assistance, since by its nature it is as close as possible to the population. The main thing is to solve the problem of determining the needs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation regarding the financing of social assistance and, at the same time, take into account the need to equalize subsidies between budgets. Despite all of the above, state social assistance will always be provided from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Categories of poor citizens

In order to strengthen measures of social support for children and increase state assistance to citizens, the payment of monthly benefits will be ensured in a timely manner and in full. The number of people who are currently in a difficult situation and need immediate decisions on measures of social support for certain segments of the population has increased significantly in recent years. These are, first of all, homeless and neglected children, the elderly, persons without a place of residence, the military who took part in hostilities, and the disabled. Therefore, the goal of state policy is to create conditions for providing them with equal opportunities for the implementation of economic, civil, political freedoms and rights, which are provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and current legislation.

However, will this good goal ever be achieved? Judging by the ever-increasing wave of bureaucracy that has swept over all the structures involved in social assistance, it is unlikely soon. First of all, it is necessary to raise the social status of such people, to raise the level of their material support. This applies even to military personnel, veterans of the RF Armed Forces. To date, social support measures for large families are very weak. They need much more medical professional help and a much higher cash allowance. It's time for the country to seriously think about the measures of social support for the family, and, of course, not only those with many children, but her - in the first place.

Disabled

In the medium term, the priority areas of social assistance will be: rehabilitation of disabled people, for which it is planned to improve medical examination services; production of means that facilitate life and work - prosthetic, orthopedic and other auxiliary technical products, improving their quality and expanding the range; accessibility of facilities and buildings for the disabled, as well as transport, information, communications and the like. To fulfill these tasks, the social sphere must consider many issues: expand the market and improve the quality of services that are currently provided, decentralize the social service system and develop the non-state sector.

The state plans include the development of programs of competitive and targeted mechanisms for financing the activities of social services. In order to provide social services to disabled people, there should be equal access to state funding not only for state, but also for non-state institutions and organizations. It is necessary to develop general requirements for the activities of private, municipal, state and other institutions that provide various types of social services, so that these requirements meet state service standards, so that the quality assessment system works in the implementation of social programs.

What is social support?

The concept of social support appeared after the adoption in August 2004 of 122, where changes in the legislative acts of the Russian Federation were indicated. The law and amendments to it concerned the principles of organization of executive and representative bodies of power in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Social support measures are what were previously called benefits, but these terms mean the same thing: when certain categories of the population receive certain benefits or services without payment or with partial payment. Most of these benefits were not fixed financially, basically they were only declared (for example, veterans of the Second World War - without a queue).

Social support measures are full compliance with the norms of the law and a guarantee of the state, they are appointed to special categories of citizens either for merit or for specific needs, they are provided both in kind and in cash. Social support is provided periodically, either in monthly cash payments or as needed in kind. They establish assistance both indefinitely and for a certain period in order to partially compensate for additional costs or maintain the health of citizens. The law determines the amount of social support in a fixed amount.

Federal beneficiaries

Since now social support is an independent type of social security, which consists in providing special categories of citizens with periodic payments in cash or in kind, all people eligible for social support were divided into two groups.

The first group is federal beneficiaries:

• heroes of the USSR or Russia, social. labor;
• full cavaliers of the Order of Glory and Labor Glory;
• former prisoners of fascism - war invalids, servicemen who did not serve in the army, as well as those who worked at military facilities during the war (the siege of Leningrad, former combatants, veterans);
• family members of deceased and perished war veterans;
• disabled people;
• people affected by radiation;
• honorary donors.

Regional beneficiaries

The second group is regional beneficiaries. These are labor veterans, people who suffered from repression and were rehabilitated. Federal beneficiaries receive social support in the form of a set of in-kind benefits and social services. The liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are also provided with social support measures. These are monthly payments as compensation for harm caused to health and monthly monetary compensation for the purchase of goods.

If a citizen - the liquidator of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster has the right to two or more monthly payments, then he can receive only one - at his choice. Here, the only exception is the one who was exposed to radiation in Chernobyl or at the Semipalatinsk test site. The regional coefficient is not taken into account.

social services

The set of social services includes the following:

• For disabled children: according to prescriptions, provision of all necessary medicines, medical products, medical nutrition.
• For medical indications, vouchers for sanatorium and resort treatment are provided for the prevention of diseases: citizens - 18 days, disabled children - 21 days, disabled people with consequences of brain or spinal cord injuries - from 24 to 42 days.
• Free travel on intercity railway and suburban transport to the place of treatment and back.

Social services are provided to citizens during the period of one calendar year - from the date when the citizen acquired the right to receive social services and inclusive until December 31 of the same year. You can refuse to provide social services (or any individual service) by writing an application to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (to the territorial office).

federal register

In order to realize the rights of citizens to receive social support, including monthly payments, and to ensure the high-quality and efficient spending of funds allocated for these purposes, the Federal Register of those persons who are entitled to receive state social assistance is filled out. This register contains basic information about citizens, including the following:

• Pension insurance personal account number.
• Name, patronymic, surname and necessarily the surname given at birth.
• Date of Birth.
• The address of the place of residence, including the actual one.
• Number and series of the passport or other identification card with the date of issue of this document.
• Date of inclusion of a citizen in the Federal Register of those entitled to receive state social assistance.
• Category.
• Details of the document that confirms the assignment to this category of this citizen.
• Other information.

Social support (social protection) of the population is a set of measures aimed at meeting the social needs of a person. It is especially important for socially vulnerable categories of citizens: pensioners, disabled people, participants in the Second World War, families with many children, children left without parents, workers in hazardous industries, etc.

Measures for social support of the population

The provision of various services, benefits and payments to those in need form the basis of social support. Among the measures taken, the following are of great importance for the population:

1. Payment of child benefits.
2. Actions to reduce unemployment.
3. Establishing and raising the minimum wage for employees, as well as the minimum level of pensions and scholarships.
4. Financial support measures for families with many children.
5. Strengthening control over the observance of human rights, especially in relation to vulnerable categories of citizens: children, pensioners, the disabled, etc.

The main initiator of such actions is the state.

Social support for the population includes measures such as:

1. Ensuring guarantees for the provision of free medical services.
2. Ensuring guarantees for the provision of free services in the field of education.
3. Guaranteed and timely payment of pensions.
4. Providing benefits for certain categories of citizens.
5. Social services and the provision of social services.
6. Other measures of social support of the population.

Social support includes such forms as: social assistance, social insurance and social security.

What categories of citizens can count on free social support?

Social support of the population is carried out in relation to the following categories of people in need:

1. Children. Basically, these are benefits to low-income families, especially those with many children, and services aimed at supporting such families and children.
2. Families with many children can also count on the issuance of a certificate of having a large family, as well as cash payments, benefits, benefits for paying utility bills and others.
3. Veterans and the disabled: various services, cash payments.
4. Heroes of war and labor.
5. Everyone who is eligible for benefits: pensioners, students, employees of government agencies, etc.
6. Young families: housing programs.
7. People with low income.

Features of social assistance in Russia

The Russian government is developing projects to support low-income citizens who are unable to provide for themselves on their own. Such support is valid for people of any age, gender and place of residence. In order to get it, you need Russian citizenship and documents confirming a difficult life situation.

Now the system of social support for citizens is in a state of formation and is gradually turning into an independent diversified branch of the state economy. It now involves approximately 400,000 employees and over 16,000 institutions. There are departments of social assistance in almost every urban area. Such centers also exist in some rural settlements.

Social support is regulated by both federal and local legislation. There are also non-state funds for social support of the population, which operate on an ideological basis.

Social insurance of the population

Social insurance is one of the types of social protection of the population, the main purpose of which is the fulfillment of the constitutional right of people to material assistance in case of loss of health or disability, unemployment and other similar problems.

Social insurance can be collective, state or mixed. Unlike state insurance, collective insurance is organized by trade unions. According to the time of occurrence, it is more ancient than the state one.

In Russia, compulsory social insurance is one of the instruments for the implementation of state social programs. It is financed from off-budget social insurance funds and other sources. Social insurance provides for the payment of state benefits and pensions.

Among the benefits, the temporary disability benefit is the most commonly used. The basis for its payments is an extract received from a medical institution. Another type of benefit is the maternity benefit. Its size is equal to the size of wages. There is also an allowance for caring for a small child.

Among other payments, one can single out unemployment benefits, which are not popular with the population, due to the purely symbolic size of the payment.

In what direction is the support provided?

In the centers of social protection of the population, anyone who wishes can be given attention, and assistance measures will correspond to the situation in which the person finds himself. Most often, such centers are addressed for help related to motherhood and childhood. Families with many children receive such types of support as:

• allowance for large families;
• payment of maternity capital under federal and regional programs;
• issuance of land plots;
• providing vouchers to sanatoriums;
• for the poorest families, annual assistance is provided.

In different regions, this list may vary slightly, so it should be clarified in the regional office at the place of residence.

The Department of Labor makes a certain contribution to ensuring the implementation of social support programs. Its employees are engaged in the following activities:

• sending to free education or courses for those in need;
• job search for graduates, disabled people and ordinary citizens;
• work on creating additional jobs;
• unemployment benefits.

A completely different type of state support is for the elderly and the disabled. First of all, these are various types of home assistance (cleaning the apartment, home delivery of groceries), or in a hospital setting. In the second case, those in need are placed in boarding schools, nursing homes or boarding houses, where various services are provided free of charge, including rehabilitation and medical services.

Additional types of social assistance

An additional type of social support for the population is the distribution of humanitarian aid among needy citizens. Such assistance is provided by private foundations. Donations are collected among businessmen and ordinary citizens on a voluntary basis.

Assistance in providing an apartment can be provided to orphans after they reach the age of 18. Young families can apply for preferential mortgages. Families with many children will be allocated land for housing development.

Sources of Social Assistance Financing

Financing of measures for social support of the population is carried out according to Law No. 131 (“Law on Social Support”). Social assistance is one of the articles of the Russian budget. When filling it, the following costs are taken into account:

• from the general need for social assistance among the population;
• from the costs of servicing priority areas of social. expenses;
• of the approximate number of those who receive targeted assistance;
• from the expected inflation rate.

For the calculation, first of all, data for the previous year are used, according to which the effectiveness of measures is determined. Local funds that do not cope with the task of social support of the population may apply for appropriate assistance to the federal authorities. The management of social assistance expenditures is a complex task, the solution of which is not fully regulated.

Burial allowance

This cash benefit is paid as compensation for the expenses associated with the funeral of deceased persons. The amount of this payment corresponds to the amount of costs associated with the organization of this case. The burial allowance is provided for by the Federal Law "On Burial and Funeral Business", but it cannot exceed 10 minimum wages. The condition for the payment of this benefit is a period of not more than 6 months from the time of death.

Funds for the payment of benefits for burial are taken from the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the regional budget of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In 2015, the amount of the funeral allowance was 5277 rubles.

To pay benefits, you must submit 4 documents: an application for payment of benefits, a death certificate, a passport of the recipient of benefits and a document indicating that the deceased pensioner is unemployed.

Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation

This organization was established on January 1, 1991. In 2016, the fund's budget was 614.5 billion rubles. (0.78% of the country's GDP).

This fund performs the following functions:

• pays benefits in case of temporary disability, benefits issued in connection with pregnancy and childbirth, a one-time benefit at the birth of a child and when registering on the occasion of pregnancy;
• pays benefits related to occupational diseases and injuries at work: lump-sum and monthly payments, payment for medical services and rehabilitation of the victim, financing measures for the prevention of occupational injuries and occupational diseases;
• provision of vouchers to sanatoriums and resorts, as well as compensation of related transportation costs for privileged categories of citizens;
• material provision of disabled people with specialized equipment;
• payment for certificates related to childbirth.

State bodies of social assistance to the population

The Department of Social Support of the Population has 2 main divisions: the pension department and the department for labor and social issues. It also includes accounting.

The Department of Social Support of the Population implements its tasks and functions on the basis of the "Regulations on the Management of Social Protection of the Population". The city department of social protection of the population is a municipal body within the city administration, which reports both directly to it and to the department of social support for the population of the administration of the region or territory.

Functions of the city government for the social protection of citizens

We list the following:

1. Ensuring the implementation of state. policy in the field of labor, pension payments, support for the disabled, pensioners, families and children, as well as the functioning of the social service system for residents.
2. Interaction with local authorities, extra-budgetary state funds, enterprises, organizations, institutions, communication centers, banks, public cooperatives and people. The activities of the department are based on the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the government of the Russian Federation and the region (territory), heads of administration of the region (territory) and the city, decrees, orders and decrees of the higher social support body and other acts.
3. Creation, transformation and liquidation of management is carried out in accordance with the decision of local governments.
4. The administration is financed from the city budget.
5. Management is listed as a legal entity that has its own account, financial balance, stamps, forms, seal, own property, etc.

Tasks of the social support center

The Center for Social Support of the Population is designed to solve the following tasks:

1. Development of socio-economic development forecasts.
2. Development and implementation of city programs in the field of social assistance to families, low-income categories of citizens, the elderly and the disabled.
3. Implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in terms of social support for the population.
4. Support organization for veterans, children, mothers, the elderly, and those who are in a difficult situation.
5. Implementation of the state policy in terms of pension reform and ensuring the uninterrupted payment of pensions.
6. Legal protection of civil rights, as well as state. guarantees and interests of citizens.
7. Implementation of state programs in the field of social and labor relations.
8. Solving issues related to working conditions and its protection.

Finally

Thus, social support for citizens of the country is an integral part of social policy, both federal and regional. First of all, assistance is provided to such categories of citizens as pensioners, veterans, the disabled, the poor, children, low-income families. To implement social assistance programs, special departments have been created - centers of social support for the population of the region, which operate in most settlements of the Russian Federation.

Social protection of the population- this is one of the most important directions of the social policy of the state, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary material and social position of all members of society.

Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing a certain level of income for those segments of the population who, for whatever reason, cannot provide for their own existence: the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, orphans, the elderly, single mothers, families with many children. Basic principles of social protection:

• humanity;
• targeting;
• complexity;
• ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.

The system of social protection of the population and its structure

Social security system is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of social protection measures for the population, support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.

It includes:

1. Social Security originated in Russia in the 1920s. and meant the creation of a state system of material support and services for the elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. This category is essentially identical to the category of social protection, but the latter applies to a market economy.

In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.), social security included benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under the age of one, assistance to families in the maintenance and upbringing of children (free or on preferential terms, nurseries, kindergartens, boarding schools , pioneer camps, etc.), family allowances, maintenance of the disabled in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or concessional prosthetic care, provision of vehicles for the disabled, vocational training for the disabled, and various benefits for the families of the disabled. During the transition to the market, the social security system largely ceased to fulfill its functions, but some of its elements entered the modern system of social protection of the population.

2. - the provision of social benefits and services to citizens without taking into account the labor contribution and testing of means on the basis of the principle of distribution of these benefits according to the needs of the available public resources. In our country, social guarantees include:

• guaranteed free medical care;
• general accessibility and free education;
• the minimum wage;
• the minimum amount of pensions, scholarships;
• social pensions (disabled since childhood; children with disabilities; disabled people without work experience; children who have lost one or both parents; persons over 65 (men) and 60 (women) years who do not have work experience);
• allowances at the birth of a child, for the period of caring for a child until he reaches the age of 1.5 years, up to 16 years;
• ritual allowance for burial and some others.

Since January 1, 2002, the amount of benefits related to the birth of a child has been increased. Thus, the amount of a one-time allowance for the birth of a child increased from 1.5 thousand rubles to 4.5 thousand rubles and in 2006 - up to 8000 rubles, the monthly allowance for the period of parental leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years from 200 up to 500 rubles, and in 2006 - up to 700 rubles. This allowance provided 25% of the living wage for an able-bodied person. The amount of the monthly allowance for a child under 16 years of age has not been revised and amounts to 70 rubles. Its ratio with the subsistence minimum for a child was 3.0% in 2004. In Moscow and some other regions, this allowance in 2006 increased to 150 rubles.

A variety of social guarantees are social benefits. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.). In 2005, benefits in kind were replaced by monetary compensations for these categories of the population. Since January 1, 2005, the preferential category of citizens has the right to use the social package and the right to receive monthly cash payments. The cost of the social package is set at 450 rubles. It includes travel in suburban transport, free drug provision, sanatorium treatment and travel to the place of sanatorium treatment. The law provides that from January 2006 beneficiaries will be able to choose between a social package and receiving the appropriate amount of money.

From January 1, 2006, monthly cash payments in accordance with the law were established in the following amounts: invalids of the Great Patriotic War - 2000 rubles; participants of the Second World War - 1500 rubles; combat veterans and a number of other categories of beneficiaries - 1,100 rubles.

Persons who worked during the Second World War at air defense facilities, the construction of fortifications, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, family members of those who died or died war invalids, participants in the Great Patriotic War and combat veterans, will receive 600 rubles a month.

Disabled persons with a third degree of restriction of labor activity are paid 1,400 rubles a month; second degree - 1000 rubles; first degree - 800 rubles; disabled children will be paid 1000 rubles. Disabled people who do not have a degree of restriction on labor activity, with the exception of disabled children, receive 500 rubles a month.

Social insurance— protection of the economically active population from social risks on the basis of collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with the loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income, are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, occupational disease, death of the breadwinner. The system of social insurance is financed from special off-budget funds, formed at the expense of contributions from employers and employees, as well as state subsidies. There are two forms of social insurance - compulsory (supported by the state of its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Citizens are supported primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for sickness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing of health services, vocational training, etc. related to the restoration of working capacity.

Social support(assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free meals, clothing) and is funded by general tax revenues. Means testing is usually required to receive social assistance. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below the minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy, ensuring a minimum guaranteed income, as a realization of the right to life.

Social support is not limited to material assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome life's difficulties, maintain social status, and adapt in society.

The activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations has formed into a separate branch of the social sphere - social services.

The system of social service institutions in Russia is developing at a very rapid pace. During the period 1998-2004, the total number of social service institutions increased by one third. At the same time, the number of institutions for the elderly and the disabled increased by more than 1.5 times compared with 1985, and by 18% compared with 1998. Number of centers for social assistance to families and children in 1998-2004 increased by 2 times, social rehabilitation centers - by 2.5 times. There are 25 rehabilitation centers for young people with disabilities, 17 geriatric centers. New types of social service institutions have appeared: crisis centers for women, so far the only crisis center for men, crisis departments for girls.

Work aimed at helping, supporting and protecting people, and, above all, socially weak sections of society, is called social work.

The object of social work are people in need of outside help: the elderly, pensioners, the disabled, the seriously ill, children; people who got into
I wish the life situation: the unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who fell into bad company, single-parent families, convicted and served their sentences, refugees and migrants, etc.

Subjects of social work- those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, carrying out social policy through state bodies of social protection. These are public organizations: the Russian Association of Social Services, the Association of Social Educators and Social Workers, etc. These are charitable organizations and charity societies such as the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

The main subject of social work are people engaged in it professionally or on a voluntary basis. There are about half a million professional social workers (that is, people with the appropriate education and diploma) all over the world (in Russia there are several tens of thousands). The main part of social work is performed by non-professionals, either as a result of circumstances or because of convictions and a sense of duty.

Society is interested in increasing effectiveness of social work. However, it is difficult to define and measure it. Efficiency is understood as the ratio of the results of activities and the costs necessary to achieve this result. Efficiency in the social sphere is a complex category that consists of the goals, results, costs and conditions of social activity. The result is the final result of any activity in relation to its purpose. It can be positive or negative. In social work, the result is the satisfaction of the needs of its objects, clients of social services, and on this basis the general improvement of the social situation in society. The criteria for the effectiveness of social work at the macro level can be indicators of the financial situation of the family (person), life expectancy, the level and structure of morbidity, homelessness, drug addiction, crime, etc.

The problem of the limits of social assistance to citizens is closely related to the criterion of effectiveness. As in the implementation of the income policy, it is necessary to take into account the possible negative consequences of massive social support: the appearance of dependency, passivity, unwillingness to make decisions and solve one's own problems. There may be negative developments in the social sphere (for example, active support for single mothers may result in a decrease in the marriage rate and, ultimately, the birth rate).