Business efficiency
Purpose of the lecture: To identify the effectiveness of business activities Questions: 1. Approaches to assessing the effectiveness...
Municipal educational institution
average comprehensive school No. 50 with recessed
studying individual subjects of the city. Samara.
Methodological development for career guidance:
In the world of professions.
Samara 2010-2011 academic year
Goals:1. Introduction.
Choice of profession. What a huge meaning is filled with a seemingly familiar phrase, how many emotions, anxieties, expectations, problems are hidden in it!
After all, this is not just a successful or unsuccessful decision made in youth, but often an established or broken fate, an active, creative, joyful life or a passive, indifferent existence; finally, this is one of the most important components and conditions of human happiness, the consciousness of one’s need for people or the feeling “ little man" Who to become?
A person chooses a business. But business also chooses a person. How to make their interests coincide? What do you need to know to make the right, conscious choice?
Firstly, know yourself, know what you want, what you can do best. This can only be learned through activity, through communication with others. It is necessary to offer the student the most different types labor, by engaging in which he can try them on for himself, test himself.
Third, the student wants to find a profession that people need, one that opens up space for creativity, initiative, and independence. This means that it is necessary to show the social importance of each profession.
Fourth, you need to know the requirements that the profession places on a person (including health status, physical development), as well as what character qualities, level of culture and education ensure the achievement of professional heights.
2. Main part
Each teenager has his own idea of professional labor activity. It is necessary to identify the range of professions that are most significant for a particular student.
Answer the question: do I want to continue doing what my parents do (pros and cons).
The day will come when school ends and you will be faced with the question “what should I become?” Your future path in life largely depends on how correctly you choose your future profession and how much you like it. And in order to choose the right profession for yourself, you need to know what people in this profession do and its characteristics.
If we turn to the Russian language dictionary, we will read that a profession is a type of work activity, an occupation that requires certain training and is usually a source of existence.
Speciality- a separate branch of science, technology, craftsmanship or art; the same as profession.
Qualification - the degree of preparation for any type of work, the level of preparedness.
Is it possible to know the world of professions? It is practically boundless. We will try to find out only a small part of it.
4 Presenter.
When the problem of choosing a profession faced our ancestors, how did they solve it?
After the abolition of serfdom (1861), especially in the 90s of the 19th century, a labor market took shape in Russia, and large machine factories grew at a rapid pace. The network of professional educational institutions. School teachers began to understand that it is not enough to give children knowledge, it is important to prepare them for independent adult life. Help in choosing a profession has become a pressing issue.
In large cities, offices appeared where one could find out about vacancies in factories and factories. However, the organizers of this type of service demanded high payments, and often clients became dependent; people who came for help were exploited and humiliated. At the end of the 19th century. city intermediary bureaus were established - they already provide information about work free of charge. In Moscow, such bureaus began operating in 1897, and later similar services arose in other industrial centers. At first the bureaus acted as public organizations, but during the First World War they became de facto labor exchanges and received the status of state institutions.
An organizational basis has emerged for the work of teachers, doctors, economists and psychologists to support people in choosing a profession, “searching for work” for teenagers.
The scientific foundation in this area was formed by the work of hygienists who studied occupational diseases. Thus, at the expense of the Moscow zemstvo, S.M. Bogoslovsky’s book “The System of Professional Classification” (1913) was published, which was used in career guidance by many teachers and psychologists.
Leading.
There are professions that cannot be practiced until old age. Nature imposes its own limitations on human activity. What professions are these?
- related to sports, ballet...When choosing a “short” profession, you need to be prepared for the fact that sooner or later you will have to decide what to do next.
Leading.It is unique not only in the sense that over the forty-odd years of the history of astronautics around the globe, only a small number of people have mastered it, but also in a number of inherent features and circumstances accompanying its development. Unique in terms of training conditions and set of requirements. The most difficult task is controlling the ship, working in outer space. At its core, the profession is close to that of an operator: an astronaut deals with a large amount of equipment and information.
Mosaicist. Nowadays this is a rare profession. You need to have artistic abilities, a keen sense of color, shades, texture, and be able to see a particle of the whole image in a tiny fragment. And it is also important to be very patient, hardworking and persistent. You can learn a profession at a specialized art educational institution - for example, at the department of monumental painting of the Stroganov Moscow State University of Art and Industry. You can become an apprentice mosaic artist.
We have reminded you only of a small fraction of what exists in the world of professions.
We encourage you to test what suits you best.
Conclusion based on the testing results.While the test results are being summed up, you can conduct a career guidance game.
The goal of the game is to increase the level of awareness of possible obstacles on the path to professional goals and ideas about ways to overcome these obstacles.
This game exercise is carried out in a circle, the number of participants is 6-8 or 12-15. Time 20-30 min.
Stage 1. Together with the group, a specific professional goal is determined (entry to a specific educational institution; graduation from this institution; registration for a specific place of work or a specific professional achievement, including building a career and receiving awards, bonuses...)
Stage 2. The group selects a volunteer who will “represent” the hero or himself.
Stage 3. General instructions: “Now everyone, already knowing what goals our main character is striving for, will have to identify for him some difficulties on the way to his professional goal.
We pay special attention to the fact that difficulties can be both external, coming from other people or from some circumstances, and internal, contained within the person himself.
It is these difficulties that many often forget about. It is advisable to identify two or three such difficulties. When identifying difficulties, everyone must think about how to overcome them.
The main player is given time to identify several of the most likely difficulties on the way to his goal and prepare to answer how he plans to overcome them.
After this, everyone in turn will name one difficulty - a trap, and the main player must immediately say how this difficulty could be overcome. The player who names this difficulty will also have to say how it could be overcome.
The facilitator, with the help of the group, will determine whose coping option turned out to be the most optimal.
The winner will be given a +. If by the end of the game the main player has more advantages, it means that he was able to overcome the main difficulties on the way to his goal.
Stage 8. The host, with the help of the other players, determines whose option is more interesting.
Stage 9. Summing up.Conclusion.
There are a lot of professions. Therefore, it is difficult to choose.
And the force with which you can overcome this difficulty is awareness, human awareness. Helpful information about the world of professions, about the ways vocational education- this is what you need when thinking about your future professional path.
This development will help students find out what they want and what they can do best, test themselves in activities where they can best realize their inner potential, which opens up space for creativity, initiative, and, therefore, make the right, conscious choice of profession.
Bibliography.
Bachelor's or Master's In 2000, our country signed the Bologna Agreement, thereby committing to switch to the education system adopted in Europe by 2010. A future bachelor studies for four years, a specialist for at least five years, and a master for six to seven years. A bachelor in the field of engineering and technology must have production-technological, experimental-research and operational skills, and a master must be able to perform design, design, technological, and research tasks.
bachelor's degree graduates in real life They are faced with a phenomenon where some officials do not hire them, citing the fact that bachelors “do not have higher education.” What about the word “specialist”? In Russian, this word has two main meanings. Firstly, this is someone who is professionally proficient in any specialty and works with special knowledge in any field of science, technology, or art. Secondly, in colloquial speech a specialist is someone who is especially knowledgeable and skilled in something; master of his craft. There is also a colloquial version of the word - special. In the first years of Soviet power, a specialist was called a specialist who, by his origin, came from a proletarian environment (do not confuse it with the abbreviation used in complex words to mean “special”: special department, special clothing, special school). The threat of moving into the passive part of the language hangs over the word “specialist”. The fate of the word is in the hands of officials who determine the strategy for the development of education in Russia.
If you have dreamed of becoming a doctor or an astronaut since childhood, and still do not doubt the correctness of your choice, you have no problems. No matter what your mother and grandmother say, you study textbooks on chemistry or biology with the tenacity of a fanatic, or attend the “young physics” club and have a good idea of what you will do after graduating from school. If so, then you are lucky. Because many kids have absolutely no idea “who to be” and where to go and whether to go at all when the long-awaited last school bell rings. Difficulties professional self-determination Usually arise in two categories of children. The first ones have not yet found anything interesting in this life. It so happened that the teachers were not able to create in them a love for any subjects, and their talents are still buried in the ground. Such guys can study well, but they are not interested in anything, their life is rather boring or simply monotonous. So they can’t decide what they would like to do because nothing particularly attracts them from what surrounds them in the world. And what to choose from? As a rule, they do not know what their father’s job is, who an ichthyologist is, and generally have little knowledge of the world of professions. The second category of children is very active both in their studies and in various other forms of activity. They are interested in everything, they simultaneously attend three clubs, five electives and ten sports sections. Moreover, they succeed. As they say, if a person is talented, he is talented in everything. This miracle child achieves success in everything he does. However... he also cannot determine what he likes more, what he would like to connect his life with. How to understand yourself? Psychologists believe that when choosing a profession, the correspondence between a person’s psychological characteristics and the corresponding characteristics of the profession is very important. The profession should be INTERESTING. If you like animals and plants, then you will be interested in your collide with objects of living nature. If you love technology, your interest in it will support you in your work as a design engineer or theoretical physicist. Any profession requires that a person have so-called “professionally important qualities,” for example, attention is important for a proofreader, imaginative thinking for an artist, etc. Therefore, when choosing a certain profession, do you have ABILITIES that correspond to professionally important qualities? In a situation of doubt, choose the profession where your abilities will be maximally realized; in this activity you will achieve the greatest success.
So, in order to choose a profession, you must first know yourself. You probably often ask yourself questions: “What am I?”, “Who am I in this world?”, “Why do I live?” A simple exercise will help you get to know yourself better and partially answer these questions (you will never answer them completely): look at yourself through the eyes of another person. A specific person whom you know well, say, a friend or deskmate, mother or girlfriend. Try to explain your actions the way another person would do without knowing their true motives. You will understand how other people see you, but, on the other hand, you will get rid of subjectivity, because, as you know, there is not a log in your own eye. Your character is still just being formed, so you don’t need to label yourself and give up the profession of an artist just because you are supposedly “shy.” Fight, work on yourself, get to know yourself. And remember that a person’s mental properties (be they abilities, interests or character traits) are extremely flexible, changing qualities. There are many cases where a person who has no ability for music, but passionately wants to study it, managed to develop an ear for music. The main thing is interest; remember: abilities are formed in activity. Get used to working, working hard. You won't get far on abilities alone. On the other hand, interest is also not a completely stable thing. Many kids think they love a certain subject, but in fact they really like the teacher. In addition, it is difficult to understand whether you will like psychology or economics; you didn’t study anything like that at school... In order not to make mistakes, you need to expand your horizons in relation to the world of professions. Ask adults questions about their professional activities; as a rule, people are happy to talk about their current work and their student years. Then you will be able to consciously decide whether this area is interesting to you, or whether all you know about the specialty for which you are applying is its name... So, having understood your abilities, interests and personal traits, you begin to choose not a profession but a university or faculty. Find out which specialties and specializations correspond to the type of activity that interests you. This is not always a one-to-one correspondence (for example, to repair computers, you need to obtain a specialty in radio electronics). Decision making must be based on many factors, no longer psychological nature: reputation of the UNIVERSITY and competition, opinion of friends, parents, cost of education. Don’t be lazy and write down the pros and cons of each option on a separate piece of paper. Analyze the data with friends and family. And always remember: the final choice is yours, because by choosing a profession, you choose your destiny. A profession should bring pleasure (positive emotions to you) and ensure the maximum realization of your capabilities (benefit to society).
IN modern world the requirements for the psychophysiological individual characteristics of a person are steadily growing, and the goals and nature of work, thanks to market relations, impose on people the need for increasingly higher professionalism in their chosen profession, readiness for constant professional development and personal development. In such a situation, school vocational guidance becomes more relevant than ever and should provide quality training for students of all ages.
is a set of actions to identify schoolchildren’s inclinations and talents for certain types professional activities, as well as a system of actions aimed at developing readiness for work and assistance in choosing a career path. It is implemented directly during the educational process, as well as in extracurricular and extracurricular work with students and their parents.
Preparing students for an independent, conscious choice of profession should be an obligatory part of the harmonious development of each individual and inextricably considered in conjunction with the physical, emotional, intellectual, labor, aesthetic education of the student, i.e. be integrated into the entire educational process, and therefore career guidance work in schools is one of the most important components in the development of both an individual and society as a whole.
Since vocational guidance as a whole is a large, complex system that includes many aspects and directions, five main components can be distinguished: economic, medical-physiological, pedagogical, psychological and social.
Economic component– consists of studying the structure of the labor market labor resources from a demographic point of view, working conditions, professional incompetence of the resulting workers, and ways to increase motivation to work. It is also a process of assistance and gentle guidance in choosing a particular specialty, taking into account both the interests of the child and the planned needs of the market.
Medical and physiological component– assistance in choosing a profession, taking into account individual physical capabilities or medical contraindications for the student. Familiarize students with the requirements of various professions.
Pedagogical component– consists of instilling in schoolchildren socially significant reasons and motives for choosing a profession.
Psychological component– reliable study, identification of psychological aspects of professional suitability, personality structure and the formation of a specific professional orientation.
Social component– consists of studying various information related to professions or the labor market as a whole: popularity, prestige, profitability, public opinion, degree of satisfaction with the chosen profession. Also, in the social component of career guidance, work is underway to form value orientations among schoolchildren for an informed choice future profession.
Career guidance at school is undoubtedly a necessary component along with basic education, and thanks to permanent job on building an integral system, taking into account the individual and age characteristics of students, children get the opportunity to independently decide on a profession, engage research projects for the purpose of development and deeper acquaintance with professions with the help of teachers and parents.
For maximum efficiency vocational guidance should be a continuous process that begins as early as kindergarten, smoothly transitions to school and continuously accompanies the student throughout his entire educational journey until graduation, gently helping and guiding him. Thus, the starting point of the difficult path to choosing a profession is the senior groups of the kindergarten, where in a playful way the child gets an idea of work, the diversity of the world of professions, respect for other people’s work and the desire to choose the best and most interesting profession are instilled. Role-playing games help both parents and educators, and the child himself. The former get an idea of the desires, inclinations and abilities of children, while the latter, in addition to simply having an interesting time spent, begin to acquire skills and abilities useful in later life, trying on one profession or another. Vocational guidance in kindergarten is described in more detail in our material “Career Guidance for Preschool Children.”
In school career guidance, it is advisable to distinguish 4 large stages, differing in goals, objectives and methods used, depending on the age of the students:
At this stage, the acquaintance with professions that began in kindergarten continues through career guidance lessons with invited specialists, excursions, thematic extracurricular activities, matinees, etc. For schoolchildren primary classes a value attitude towards work is formed through direct inclusion in different kinds educational and cognitive activities (play, work, social, research) interests and the need to learn develop.
Already in primary school It is important not to miss the moment and to interest the children in the upcoming choice of profession in time. It will be of great help a large number of clubs, additional hobby classes. For students from the 3rd grade, psychological games and activities can be gradually introduced.
To obtain detailed material on the possibilities and structure of career guidance work in elementary school, you can refer to the article “Career guidance in elementary school, grades 1-4.”
As children enter secondary school, career guidance continues with a variety of games: business, career guidance, and psychological. This achieves an expansion of knowledge about the world of professions and provides the opportunity to take the first steps towards choosing a profession that is interesting to oneself. Schoolchildren begin to realize their interests and capabilities, acquire basic ideas about the areas of possible specialties, and become familiar with the requirements of various professions.
A detailed description of career guidance work at this stage can be read in the material “Career Guidance in Secondary School, Grades 5-7.”
With the approach of the first graduating class and the first serious state exams, career guidance work moves from games and excursions to targeted assistance by students in further education, which will narrow the range of possible choice of professions and facilitate further educational and work paths.
In grades 8-9, active diagnostic work of the school psychologist begins, and lessons on conscious choice of profession are conducted. Schoolchildren study more serious professions that place increased demands on employees (Ministry of Emergency Situations, education, medicine, etc.). Optional classes and in-depth interest groups begin to play an even greater role in realizing one’s own values and interests and making an informed choice of profession.
The school psychologist, together with teachers, provides individual and group consultations on the choice of a particular profession, the adequate balance of interests, abilities, health of the child and the requirements of the profession.
A separate material, “Career Guidance in Secondary School, Grades 8-9,” is devoted to graduating from high school.
This is the most important stage of school career guidance, the success of which largely depends on quality work in primary and secondary schools. The school psychologist further expands his consulting activities for students and their parents. The school hosts presentations from leading universities in the city and organizes excursions to open days.
Much attention is paid to self-development and self-training of high school students, discussion and possible adjustments for further professional plans, preferences for the chosen professions are finally formed, and readiness for them is assessed.
The article “Career Guidance for High School Students, Grades 10-11” offers a detailed description of the process of career guidance in high school, the selection of the necessary Unified State Exams and the necessary steps for admission to a higher educational institution.
To conduct a qualitative assessment of career guidance work in school, 5 effective criteria and 2 procedural ones can be distinguished. Effective criteria include:
Sufficient information about the chosen profession and methods of obtaining it.
A student can make an informed choice of profession only if he knows about its place in the market, working conditions, requirements for knowledge and physical characteristics. If there is a sufficient amount of information received, the student clearly understands himself in the chosen profession and the necessary steps to obtain it.
The need for a conscious choice of future profession
If a student is active in searching for information about certain specialties without external pressure, he independently tries himself in areas of interest possible activities or has drawn up a plan for further action, then the criterion for the need for a well-founded choice of profession can be considered fully satisfied, and the task facing schools has been completed.
Student's awareness public importance labor
In the process of school career guidance work, school students should be instilled with an attitude towards work as a life value. For schoolchildren in grades 8-9, this attitude is directly related to the need for a conscious choice of profession, which directly affects the quality of their future lives.
Students’ awareness of their capabilities and interests
Under the guidance of school, experienced specialists, the student eventually realizes his desires, values, physical and moral capabilities and, based on them, makes a choice of a future career path. A big role here is given to school psychologists and teachers to determine the child’s characteristics as accurately as possible.
Having a plan for further steps towards obtaining a profession
The student must make an informed choice of profession, based on the variety of information received about the labor market, taking into account his own opinion and capabilities. After making the choice, the high school student should also have a good idea of all the further steps that will ultimately lead him to the desired profession. The presence of such a plan indicates the success of the school’s career guidance work.
Two procedural criteria for the effectiveness of school career guidance activities can be called:
Individual nature of career guidance
Any action taken must take into account the individual interests, abilities and capabilities of each student.
The focus of career guidance on the comprehensive development of the individual
Schoolchildren should be given the opportunity to independently choose a profession, try their hand at various areas and specialties, plan future steps to obtain the desired specialty, and teachers and parents can only actively promote and help without making a choice for the child.
In the presence of current system school career guidance, which accompanies the student throughout the entire period of study, students will successfully develop a conscious attitude towards work and logically complete the process of choosing a profession, taking into account their interests, capabilities and requirements imposed by the labor market. The result will be further successful socialization of graduates and their easy entry into the professional world.
Materials on career guidance for specialists: videos, cartoons for schoolchildren and adults.
Colorful cartoon poems about the most different professions for babies and preschoolers. For the convenience of the teacher conducting developmental classes, a detailed lesson script with questions, riddles, and thematic games is provided.
Each episode lasts about 6.5 minutes and is a capacious story about a specific profession. What does this professional do, what is his workplace, what personal qualities are required, where you can get a profession and how long to study, what material and career prospects are - and much more. Each cartoon has a game plot, which makes it interesting for schoolchildren, and career guidance an exciting activity. For the convenience of teachers, for each cartoon a detailed description of the entire course of the lesson is provided, divided by level of difficulty (age), useful additional information, questions for discussion, and a small game are included.
Modern videos from the perspective of schoolchildren who are thinking about choosing their future profession and place of study, about developing an individual trajectory for their educational, professional and personal path.
Each episode lasts 6 minutes and talks about the profession from the perspective of an adult.
This product provides specific assistance in overcoming fear due to a change in activity, search new job. Provides detailed, up-to-date overview of in-demand workers and engineering professions. After watching the episode, an adult can take an express questionnaire to get an answer to the question of whether this profession is suitable for him or not. This test allows you to determine the correspondence between personal qualities and professionally important qualities of the profession.
This is a unique and effective tool for conducting group and individual sessions with a psychologist. If you need to relieve fears, overcome stress or uncertainty, give motivation to personal growth and problem solving - materials with parables and exercises will help you. Convenient to use, easy to select the desired fragment, availability of video and audio versions - this material will become an indispensable assistant in your work!
Identify the abilities and degree of readiness of the unemployed to entrepreneurial activity, clearly inform about the procedure and conditions for providing financial assistance from Employment Centers; provide succinct and understandable information and recommendations on preparing a business plan, the necessary entrepreneurial skills and knowledge, the basics of entrepreneurship, and much more.
Visual and easy-to-use materials with recommendations on job search, rules for writing a resume, preparing for self-presentation and conducting an interview.
We will promptly prepare an offer for you and contact you in a convenient way (by e-mail, Skype or phone).
Lesson on the topic: “Professiogram and its importance in choosing a profession”
Purpose of the lesson:
A professionogram is a system of signs that describe one or anotherprofession , and also includes a list of norms and requirements imposed by this profession orspecialty To employee .
In particular, a professional profile may include a listpsychological characteristics that representatives of specific professional groups must meet.
Professionogram - this is a generalized reference model of a successful specialist in a given field
In essence, it should be a set of scientifically based standards and requirements of the profession for the psycho-physical characteristics of a specialist, his personality, professional knowledge, skills and abilities.
Unfortunately, we can say that at present there is no complete and high-quality set of professiograms, even in relation to the most widespread professions, which is caused by a number of objective reasons.
Bank of interactive professionograms
We present to your attention an information portal for professional guidance and professional self-determination, where you can receive the following electronic services:
The bank of interactive professionograms was created on the basis of the typology of professions by E.A. Klimov on the subject of work:
You are presented with professions of the "HUMAN-HUMAN" type
Each professional profile includes the following sections:
As an example, consider the Professionogram of an economist
Advantages of the profession:variety of activities, impact on economic processes.
Profession restrictions:high competition in the labor market
Type and class of profession
Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist
Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
Working conditions
Medical contraindications
In the presence of these diseases, work in the profession of economist can lead to deterioration of health, as well as create insurmountable obstacles to mastery and growth within this profession.