Illustrations for epics presentation. Come up with a funny title for the illustration

Illustrators children's books library lesson

– head library SOPSHMT No. 11

Pavlodar

• An illustration is a drawing in the text of a book that accompanies the narrative.
• The illustration helps to better understand the content of the book and makes the book bright and elegant.

• The history of children's book illustration goes back about three centuries. During this time, a path has been passed from cheap book editions, primers and popular prints to luxury books for children. Gradually, children's book illustration became an independent art form. The term “illustration” itself, translated from Latin, means “to illuminate, shed light, explain.”

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942)

• Illustrator of children's fairy tales. Creator of book and magazine color graphics and a special type of illustrated book. The peculiarity of Bilibin's illustrations is humor and sharp irony. Illustrated fairy tales by A.S. Pushkin, Russian folk tales and epics. His illustrations for books resemble theatrical sketches .

Illustrations for Russian folk tales

The names of fairy tales are written in Slavic script

Illustrations for the fairy tale Marya Morevna

Ornamental frames on each page, like rustic windows with carved frames.

• The illustrations are distinguished by their patterned design, bright decorativeness, and are stylized to resemble an old manuscript.

• This tale combines satirical content with Russian popular print into a single whole.

• The ornament abundantly covers the floor, ceiling, walls, and the clothes of the king and boyars.

The Tale of Tsar Saltan

The king overhears a conversation between three girls. It’s night outside, the moon is shining, the king hurries to the porch.

Vladimir Mikhailovich Konashevich (1888-1963)

• I am firmly convinced that there is no need to babysit with a child and there is no need to distort forms in a caricature. Children are sincere people, they take everything seriously. And the drawing in the book is taken seriously and trustingly .

• I drew funny pictures for each letter of the alphabet for my little daughter. To make it easier to remember the letters.

Literature used

• Let's get acquainted. - V.M. Konashevich, K. Chukovsky “The Tsokotukha Fly.” - M., Det.lit. - 1986.
• V. Odoevsky “Moroz Ivanovich” - M., Det.lit. - 1989.

Photo

Project Russian epics

Introductory article

Epics (old) - heroic-patriotic songs and tales telling about the exploits of heroes and reflecting the life of Ancient Rus' of the 9th-13th centuries; a type of oral folk art, which is characterized by a song-epic way of reflecting reality.

The main plot of the epic is some heroic event, or a remarkable episode of Russian history (hence the popular name of the epic - “starina”, “old woman”, implying that the action in question took place in the past).

Bylinas, as a rule, are written in tonic verse with two to four stresses.

The term “epics” was first introduced by Ivan Sakharov in the collection “Songs of the Russian People” in 1839. He proposed it based on the expression “according to epics” in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” which meant “according to the facts.”

Glossary of obsolete words

Name - call, name.

Welcome - come visit.

Razdolitsa (smart. Affectionate) - expanse.

Kaftan - Russian ancient men's long-skirted clothing.

Grosh - an old coin valued at 2 kopecks.

Obzy - the plows were shafted.

Bipod – a plow is a primitive agricultural tool for plowing the land.

Rogaczyk - plow handle.

Guzhiki – leather loops in the collar, which with the help of an arc attach the shafts to the harness.

Epics The true history of the working people cannot be known without knowing oral folk art. M. Gorky The art of folk craftsmen has become a legend, its power extends to our time.

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The term "folklore", which was first introduced into science in 1846 by the English scientist W. J. Toms, translated means "folk wisdom"

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Genres of folklore Folklore - oral folk art Proverbs Sayings Songs Tongue twisters Counting books Fairy tales Epics Riddles Nursery rhymes Ditties

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Epic genres in folklore epics tales legends songs of a narrative nature

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Epic The term epic was assigned to epic tales and epic songs in the mid-19th century; Previously, they were called antiquities, less often - antiques. An epic is a unique, purely Russian genre of folk epic, which tells about heroes, folk heroes and real historical events, composed in Ancient Rus', reflecting historical reality, mainly in the 11th – 16th centuries.

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Epics are works of art, and therefore they are characterized by fiction. For epics, it is not the truth of an individual fact that is important, but the truth of life. Therefore, in epics there is no accuracy in reproducing historical events, dates, names, and geographical names.

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Performing epics Not everyone could perform epics. The storytellers were especially talented people with excellent memories. Usually the honorable task of telling an epic was entrusted to elderly people, from 60-65 years old, with extensive life experience. In Ancient Rus', storytellers enjoyed honor and respect; their skill in performing epics was often passed on from parents to children and was the property of the family. Taking over the gift of a storyteller from their father, remembering the plots of epics and coming up with something new was a great happiness for the young. Many listeners always gathered around the storytellers, who experienced the stories of the heroes with trepidation and great attention. Epics were especially often performed on long winter evenings, when there was a lull in peasant life. The epics were not sung, but spoken - pronounced in recitative. The song sounded slowly, smoothly, in a sing-song manner. Recitative is melodious speech in a vocal musical work, chanting

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Epic storytellers M.D. Krivopolenova T.G. Ryabinin Collector of epics P.N. Rybnikov Sisters Kryukov

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Zaonezhsky poetess Irina Andreevna Fedosova 1827 -1899. Near the lake, a plank fence has rotted. On the mountain there is a variety of wooden crosses. Sing, Irina Andreevna, light of Fedosova! Sing about the peasants of the Olonets province. R. Rozhdestvensky

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Born in Zaonezhye, in the village of Garnitsy, Sennogubsky churchyard, he lost his parents early. He was raised by the peasant world. He adopted the epics from his old fellow villager Ivan Agapitov and kept them in his memory all his life. I learned a lot of epics from Ilya Elustafyev. In 1860, the famous collector P.N. Rybnikov recorded the first epics from the storyteller. In total, he recorded 23 texts. In 1871, another scientist A.F. Hilferding recorded 19 plots (21 texts). Ryabinin was invited to perform in St. Petersburg and was awarded a silver medal.

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Composition of the epic  Beginning (initial, introductory part of the work) - the time and place of action are indicated here, the characters discussed in the epic are named  Main part - a description of the hero is given, his unusual behavior is shown, the responsible assignment that is given to him is spoken of  Conclusion - sums up everything that has been said, once again praising the exploits or deeds of the main character of the epic

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Novgorod Sadko, Mikula Selyaninovich Vladimir-Suzdal Ilya Muromets Kiev 10-11 centuries Alyosha Popovich and Dobrynya Nikitich Periods of development of epics

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Classification of epics by content Epics of heroic content (epics about Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, etc.) Social epics (epics about Sadko, Vasily Buslaev, etc.) Epics of magical and fairy-tale content (there are a few of them: “Sunflower Kingdom”, “Untold dream") Epics close to historical songs Epics of a parody nature

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Artistic features of epics In the text of the epic we find signs of real Russian antiquity. There are few descriptions in epics, but they perform important artistic functions: they give credibility to the story, express the author’s likes and dislikes, and complement the image of the hero. The narration in epics is interrupted by dialogue, the purpose of which is to emphasize what distinguishes and glorifies the hero, and fully reveals his heroic essence. “Saying” (singing intonation) Hyperbolization - exaggeration of the main features, qualities of heroes, life phenomena associated with them (the hero’s club weighs forty, and sometimes ninety pounds, the horse carries the hero “higher than a standing forest, just below a walking cloud,” etc. )

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Artistic features of epics Repetitions Constant epithets (a beautiful maiden, a pure field, a good horse, etc.) Synonyms Comparisons Diminutive and increasing suffixes Techniques of contrast (a hero and a monster enemy) and antithesis (the hero acts contrary to advice and warnings). Use of recitatives Lack of rhyme

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Bylinas talk about invincible Russian heroes; this is also true. Glorifying the heroes, the defenders of the Motherland, the epics called for feats for the glory of the fatherland, raising the spirit of the people in difficult times of testing. The epics also tell about the defeats of Russian heroes in battles with enemies.

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Bogatyrs “Elder” “Younger” are the embodiment of the elements, the heroes are closer to the titanic forces that gave people Ilya Muromets the outlines of a human image, but still Dobrynya Nikitich remained the power of the world Alyosha Popovich Svyatogor Volkh Vseslavevich Mikhailo Potyk

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Epics “Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich”

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K.A. Vasiliev “Volga and Mikula” “Volga’s Sword”

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From the history of the epic The epic about Volga and Mikula is from Novgorod. Researchers attribute its origin to the 14th – 15th centuries. The proof is the meaning of the epic: Novgorod recognized only those decisions of the Kyiv prince that were liked by the Novgorodians. Also Sun. Miller considers the picture of plowing as evidence of the origin of the epic. It was in the northern principalities that the soil, after clearing the forest, was strewn with roots that needed to be uprooted.

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Explain the meaning of the outdated words: Guzhiki A loop in a clamp that fastens the shaft to the arc Damask steel Made of damask steel - ancient, hard and elastic steel with a patterned surface Morocco Thin and soft goat or sheep leather, specially dressed and dyed in a bright color Solovy About the color of horses; yellowish (in combination with a light tail and light mane)

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Prince Volga Svyatoslavovich Prince Volga is of extraordinary origin. He is the son of the princess and Zmey Gorynych. He inherited magical abilities from his father, “he wanted a lot of wisdom.” Volga uses these opportunities for good deeds. But the plowman surpasses even such a man in power and valor.

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Where do you think the hero got his name - Mikula Selyaninovich? What does it mean? Mikula means Nikolai in modern times, and Selyaninovich means that he is a peasant, that is, he lives in a village. He just emphasizes this: yes, I am a simple peasant plowman (oratay), not a prince, not a warrior and not a hero). Village from the word to settle on land, a certain territory.

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Read the description of Mikula's appearance. The portrait shows the authors' desire to decorate the appearance of their beloved hero: he is dressed not like a peasant for work, but like a boyar. “The Oratay has green morocco boots” - these are the shoes of very rich and noble people, like the caftan of black velvet. “Look at your heels with an awl, your noses are sharp, Here a sparrow will fly under your heel, Roll an egg around your nose.” A high and thin heel is like an awl; pointed, high-turned toe

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What does the nameless author of the epic emphasize in the guise of Mikula Selyaninovich? (Physical strength, brave prowess, hard work, patience.) What is the portrait of the as yet unknown hero? (An idealized image of the folklore “good fellow.”) What can you say about this character’s clothing? Could an ancient Russian plowman have been dressed like this: “The orata has green morocco boots... The orata has a down hat...”? Of course not. Where did this appearance of the hero of the work come from? (Perhaps a later exaggeration, a desire to show the hero’s external beauty as best as possible.)

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How is not the external, transitory, but the internal, spiritual beauty of Mikula Selyaninovich shown? Read the conversation between the prince and the plowman. What can we say about the mind and education of the “simple peasant”? Does Oratai boast of its strength and importance? How does he demonstrate to the prince and his squad that his work is more important than the “labor” of the tax collectors? Read this passage. Why do ordinary villagers respect Mikula Selyaninovich? (For hard work, hospitality, self-esteem and kindness.) Why does Prince Volga Svyatoslavich respect Mikula Selyaninovich? (3a physical strength, skill, hard work, self-esteem and kindness.)

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What characterization could you give to the Russian hero? a man of remarkable strength, an ideal of morality, a true patriot of the motherland, living in its interests

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An epic hero is a hero of an epic who acts in real historical time, has extraordinary physical strength, military valor and wisdom.

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What is the main idea of ​​the epic? (The main value on Earth is a working man, in a figurative sense - a plowman. Only a person who creates something new and necessary for people deserves respect. The state and the authorities in the person of the prince and his squad must respect, protect and protect the plowman man, since without there will be no state itself, there will be no villages and cities, simply no grain will be born.)

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Epic "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber"

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Palekh illustration Lubok picture

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Vladimir-Suzdal period Epics dedicated to the peasant Ilya from Murom and Dobrynya Nikitich reflected the processes associated with the formation and flourishing of Kievan Rus, when life far from the capital of the state was filled with many dangers. The main feature of the epic heroes of this period is love for their native land. They are distinguished not only by their incredible strength, nobility, and courage, but also by their desire to observe all established customs.

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There lived a peasant in the Kizhi volost...

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EPICS about Ilya Muromets The first exploits of Ilya Muromets. Ilya Muromets and Tsar Kalin. Svyatogor and Ilya Muromets. Three trips of Ilya Muromets. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber. Fight between Ilya Muromets and his son.

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You are offered a plan of the structural parts of the epic. Based on it, make a quotation plan for the work. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Departure of Ilya Muromets for Kyiv Victory in the first battle The story of the Chernigov residents about the Nightingale the Robber Meeting with the Nightingale the Robber Victory of Ilya Muromets The meeting of Ilya Muromets with Prince Vladimir The story Ilya Muromets Doubts of Prince Vladimir Two orders to the Nightingale the Robber Reprisal against the Nightingale the Robber

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Quotation plan 1. “A distant, portly, good fellow was leaving” 2. “...he beat this whole great force” 3. “The Nightingale the Robber is sitting on a damp oak tree” 4. “The Nightingale whistled like a nightingale” 5. “He knocked out the right eye with a braid" 6. "Then Vladimir the Prince began to question the young man" 7. "And I was driving along the straight path" 8. "In your eyes, man, you're playing tricks" 9. "You whistle at half the whistle of a nightingale" 10. “And he cut off his violent head”

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Who did Ilya Muromets fight with? The image of the Nightingale the Robber was associated among the people with the main enemy of the ancient Slavs - the Tatar-Mongol horde.

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What folklore work is the epic close in composition to? Fairy tale Epic Similarities: 1. Both fairy tales and epics existed in oral form. 2. Both genres have existed since ancient times. Differences: 1. A fairy tale is a prosaic, artistic fantasy story of a magical or everyday nature. 2. The main feature of a fairy tale is fiction. 3. Fairy tales are created in prose form. 4. Fairy tales were “told.” 1. Description of the exploits of heroes (epics are called heroic epics). 2. The epic is not characterized by an accurate transmission of historical facts; it captures historical reality in generalized images. 3. Epic poems have a song-like form. 4. The epics “said” - they sang or spoke, accompanied by the harp.

Homeland - everyone knows this word from childhood. Homeland is the land on which you were born and live with your parents, loved ones, and friends. People accomplished many glorious feats protecting their land. Both in ancient times and in our time. People remember the names of their heroes, they remember. Their fame spreads throughout our entire land.

Epic epics are heroic stories that were sung and told in ancient times. The main characters in epics are Russian heroes, defenders of the Fatherland. And their appearance is different, and their characters are dissimilar, and their origins are not the same, but they are all brave, strong, and kind. Everyone is loved by the people, invented by the people, as if the people’s dreams were embodied in them. This is how people should be. The epics told about the life of the ancient Russian state in those days when the main cities in Rus' were Kyiv in the south and Novgorod in the north.

Painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs” What is the composition of the painting, paint? Who is depicted in it and how? How does the artist paint epic heroes for us? Did you recognize them? What hyperboles and constant epithets can be used to describe the picture? What landscape are the heroes depicted against? What is special about Vasnetsov’s landscape? How does this picture make you feel?

Ilya Muromets Ilya Muromets is one of the main characters of Russian epics, a hero originally from the village of Karacharovo near Murom, embodying the people's ideal of a hero-warrior, a people's intercessor. Features in the Kiev cycle of epics: “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya Muromets and the Poganous Idol”, “The Quarrel of Ilya Muromets with Prince Vladimir”, “The Battle of Ilya Muromets with Zhidovin”.

The prototype of the epic character The prototype of the epic character is considered to be the historical strongman Chobotok, originally from Murom, who became a monk at the Kiev Pechersk Lavra under the name of Elijah, canonized as the Venerable Elijah of Murom (canonized in 1643). The first written information about him dates back to the 1630s; early tradition places the life of Elijah in the 12th century; Researchers date the burial back to the 19th century. In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR conducted an examination of the relics of St. Elijah of Muromets. Studies of the relics showed that the monk was an exceptionally strong man and had a height of 177 cm (above average height for the Middle Ages). He was found to have signs of a spinal disease (the epic Elijah could not move from birth until the age of 33) and traces of numerous wounds. The cause of death was probably a blow to the chest from a sharp weapon (spear or sword). Death occurred at the age of about 4055 years. It is believed that he died during the capture of Kyiv by Prince Rurik Rostislavich in 1204, which was accompanied by the defeat of the Pechersk Lavra by the Polovtsians allied to Rurik. In this case, he must have been born between 1150 and 1165. “Reverend Elijah rests in a position of prayer, folding the fingers of his right hand in the same way as is customary now in the Orthodox Church, the first three fingers together, and the last two bent towards the palm. During the period of struggle against the Old Believer schism, this fact from the life of the saint served as strong evidence in favor of the three-fingered constitution” (Paterikon of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra). Relics of St. Elijah of Muromets in the Near Caves of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra

Ilya Muromets in folk art Only a few epic stories with the name of I. Muromets are known outside the provinces of Olonetsk, Arkhangelsk and Siberia (Collection of Kirsha Danilov and S. Gulyaev). Outside the named regions, only a few subjects have been recorded so far: I. Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber; I. Muromets and the robbers; I. Muromets on the Falcon-ship; I. Muromets and son. In the middle and southern parts of Russia, only epics are known without the attachment of I. Muromets to Kyiv and the book. Vladimir, and the most popular plots are those in which robbers (I. Muromets and the robbers) or Cossacks (I. Muromets on the Falcon-ship) play the role, which indicates the popularity of I. Muromets among the freedom-loving population who lived on the Volga, Yaik and was part of into the Cossacks. Monument to Ilya Muromets in Murom

Dobrynya Nikitich Dobrynya Nikitich is the second most popular hero of the Russian folk epic after Ilya Muromets. He is often depicted as a serving hero under Prince Vladimir. Epics often talk about his long court service, in which he showed his natural “knowledge.” Often the prince gives him instructions: to collect and transport tribute, to help out the prince’s niece, etc.; Often Dobrynya himself volunteers to carry out orders that other heroes refuse. Dobrynya is the hero closest to the prince and his family, carrying out their personal assignments and distinguished not only by his courage, but also by his diplomatic abilities. Dobrynya is sometimes called a prince, and sometimes Vladimir’s nephew. He can read and write and is distinguished by a variety of talents: he is dexterous, he can turn on his feet, he shoots well, swims, sings, plays the harp.

Prototype of the epic character Historical prototype of Dobrynya Nikitich Dobrynya, uncle and governor of Prince Vladimir, brother of his mother Malusha. Dobrynya was the leader of young Vladimir in his reign in Novgorod and then the war with his brother Yaropolk; after the death of Yaropolk and the reign of his nephew in Kyiv, he became the ruler of Novgorod. He took part in the campaign against the Volga Bulgarians in 985 and baptized Novgorod in battle in 989, during which he threw into the Volkhov the statue of Perun, which he had erected shortly before. Judging by the stories set out in the chronicle, Dobrynya played a large role in the legends associated with Vladimir, acting as a wise adviser and chief assistant to the prince.

Alyosha Popovich Alyosha Popovich is the son of the Rostov priest Le(v)onty (rarely Fedor). All heroes are united by a common origin from North-Eastern Rus' (Murom, Ryazan, Rostov), ​​a trip to Kyiv, involving a duel with a monster, and heroic service in Kyiv at the court of Prince Vladimir the Red Sun. Alyosha Popovich is distinguished not by strength (sometimes his weakness is even emphasized, his lameness is pointed out, etc.), but by courage, daring, onslaught, on the one hand, and resourcefulness, sharpness, cunning, on the other. Sometimes he is cunning and is ready to deceive even his sworn brother Dobrynya Nikitich, encroaching on his rights; he is boastful, arrogant, overly crafty and evasive; his jokes are sometimes not only funny, but also insidious, even evil; his fellow heroes express their censure and condemnation to him from time to time. In general, the image of Alyosha Popovich reflects a certain inconsistency and duality. One of the most archaic stories associated with Alyosha Popovich is his fight with Tugarin. Alyosha Popovich defeats Tugarin on the way to Kyiv or in Kyiv (there is a known variant in which this fight occurs twice). Tugarin threatens Alyosha Popovich to choke him with smoke, cover him with sparks, burn him with fire-flames, shoot him with firebrands, or swallow him alive. The fight between Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin often takes place near the water (Safast River). Having defeated Tugarin, Alyosha Popovich cut up his corpse and scattered it across an open field. A similar version of the plot about the fight between Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin is the epic “Alyosha Kills Skim the Beast,” where Alyosha Popovich’s opponent reminds many of Tugarin.

The birth of Alyosha Popovich was miraculous, reminiscent of the birth of Volkh: it is accompanied by thunder; “Alyoshenka the Wonderful Young,” as soon as he was born, asks his mother for a blessing to walk around the world, not to swaddle him in swaddling clothes, but in chain mail; he can already sit on a horse and wield it, operate with a spear and saber, etc. Alyosha Popovich’s cunning and dexterity are akin to Volkh’s “wisdom tricks,” and his jokes and tricks are close to Volkh’s magical transformations. The wife of Alyosha Popovich in the epics about him and the sister of the Zbrodovichs (Petrovichs, etc.) becomes Elena (Petrovna), aka Elenushka, Olena, Olyonushka (Volkh’s wife is also called Elena). This female name is, as it were, adapted to the name of Alyosha Popovich (options Olyosha, Valesha and Eleshenka Elena and Olenushka, and thus a “name-name” married couple is formed, similar to Volos-Veles Volosynya or Els Elesikha.

Prototype of the epic character It is usually believed that the historical prototype of Alyosha Popovich was the Suzdal boyar Alexander (Olesha) Popovich. According to the chronicles, he was the famous “brave” (selected warrior), who served first Vsevolod the Big Nest, and then his son Konstantin Vsevolodovich against his brother and contender for the Vladimir throne, Yuri Vsevolodovich, and Alexander Popovich defeated several of Yuri’s best warriors in duels. With the death of Constantine and the accession of Yuri (1218), he went to the Kyiv Grand Duke Mstislav the Old and died with him in the Battle of Kalka in 1223. Literature used: Heroic tales. Publishing center for children's books. M., 1995.

Russian epics in the works of artists at the turn of the 19th-20th centuriesMUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Sasovo secondary school SCHOOL No. 6
Russian epics
in the works of artists
at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries
Literature Project
Throughout Rus', simple people of heroes
loves, glorifies and honors, rye bread with
shares it, plants it in the red corner and sings
songs about glorious deeds - about how
The heroes protect and protect their native Rus'!
The work was completed by:
class students
.
Scientific supervisor: Russian teacher
language and literature
.

Plan

Introduction

Literature research on this topic

Artists' appeal to the epic theme

Russian epics in the works of artists

Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov

Sergei Timofeevich Konenkov

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin

Conclusion

List of used literature